Question

Which of the following works included in the Manipravalam literature ?

1. Njanappana

2. Chandrolsavam

3. Vaisika Tantram

4. Ananthapuravarnnannam

• A. Only (1 and 2)
• B. Only (2, 3 and 4)
• C. Only (1, 3 and 4)
• D. ) All of the above

Answer 1

Answer:

B. Only (2, 3 and 4)

Manipravalam Literature

Background

• Manipravalam is a literary genre that is a mix of Sanskrit and Malayalam languages.

• This style of writing was prominent in medieval Kerala.

• The name 'Manipravalam' literally translates to 'pearl and coral', signifying the blending of two distinct linguistic elements.

Key Works and their Significance

• Chandrolsavam: This work is considered a significant example of Manipravalam literature. It offers insights into the customs and rituals of the time.

• Vaisika Tantram: This is another important work in the Manipravalam style. It deals with erotic themes and societal norms related to courtesans (Vaisyas). It is believed to have been written in the 13th century.

• Ananthapuravarnnannam: This descriptive work portrays the grandeur of the Anantha Padmanabhaswamy temple in Trivandrum and its surrounding areas. It is a vivid depiction of life and architecture.

Works Not in Manipravalam

• Njanappana: This is a famous devotional work composed by Poonthanam Nambudiri in Malayalam. While highly influential in Malayalam devotional literature, it is primarily in Malayalam, not in the Manipravalam style. It was written in the 16th century.