Question

Which one of the following methods give more role to learner ?

• A. Lecture
• B. Project
• C. Demonstration
• D. Question Answer method

Answer 1

Answer:

B. Project

Project Method and Learner-Centric Education

• The Project Method is a dynamic and learner-centered instructional approach where students gain knowledge and skills by working for an extended period to investigate and respond to a complex question, problem, or challenge.

• In this method, the learner takes on a highly active and responsible role, moving beyond passive reception of information. They are involved in every stage, from planning to execution and evaluation.

Key Aspects of Learner-Centricity in the Project Method:

• Active Engagement: Learners select topics, define problems, gather resources, analyze data, and present findings, fostering deep engagement.

• Problem-Solving & Critical Thinking: Projects are often based on real-world problems, requiring students to apply critical thinking and problem-solving skills to find solutions.

• Autonomy and Ownership: Students have significant autonomy in how they approach the project, which builds a sense of ownership over their learning. This promotes self-direction and responsibility.

• Collaboration: Projects often involve group work, encouraging collaboration, communication, and social skills development.

• Experiential Learning: It is based on the principle of "learning by doing," where direct experience leads to deeper understanding and retention.

• Skill Development: Beyond content knowledge, the method develops a wide range of transferable skills such as research, time management, presentation, and teamwork.

Historical Context and Key Figures:

• The concept of the project method is strongly associated with the philosophy of John Dewey (1859-1952), an influential American philosopher and educational reformer. Dewey advocated for an educational approach that emphasizes active learning and real-world experiences.

• The project method was formally articulated and popularized by William Heard Kilpatrick (1871-1965), a student and colleague of John Dewey. Kilpatrick published "The Project Method" in 1918, defining it as "hearty purposeful activity proceeding in a social environment."

Contrast with Other Methods:

• Unlike traditional methods like the Lecture Method or Demonstration Method, which are largely teacher-centric, the project method shifts the focus squarely onto the learner.

• In lecture and demonstration, the teacher is the primary dispenser of knowledge, and students are often passive recipients. In the project method, the teacher acts as a facilitator or guide, supporting students as they construct their own learning.

Competitive Exam Relevance:

• Questions about learner-centered methods, the philosophies of Dewey and Kilpatrick, and the characteristics of various teaching methods are common in teaching aptitude and educational psychology sections of competitive exams (e.g., TET, CTET, NET, SET, PSC exams).

• Understanding the core principles of the project method helps differentiate it from other pedagogical approaches and identifies its strengths in promoting holistic student development.