Question

Which school of Buddhist art flourished under the patronage of the Satavahanas during their reign in South India from the 2nd century B.C. to the 2nd century A.D.?

• A. Gandhara School of Art
• B. Mathura School of Art
• C. Amaravati School of Art
• D. Pala School of Art

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Amaravati School of Art

During their reign in South India from the 2nd century B.C. to the 2nd century A.D., the Satavahanas adorned their empire with numerous magnificent monuments. The Buddhist art tradition that flourished under their patronage became known as the Amaravati School of Art. Features of the Amaravati School of Art During the Satavahana period, several Chaityas and Viharas were carved out of solid rock, with Amaravati and Nagarjunakonda being the most notable examples. Ashokan stupas were expanded, with earlier brick and wooden structures being replaced by stonework. Among the most famous of these are the Amaravati Stupa and the Nagarjunakonda Stupa. The site of Nagarjunakonda is named after the renowned Buddhist monk and scholar Nagarjuna, a key figure in the development of Mahayana Buddhism, who is believed to have preached there. The stupas at Amaravati are primarily constructed from a distinctive white marble. The site is adorned with numerous sculptures depicting various scenes from the life of Buddha, including a striking depiction of devotees worshipping his feet. Secular imagery is also prominent, featuring representations of women, trees, animals, and birds. The sculptures at Amaravati exhibit a deep sense of naturalism, capturing human, animal, and floral forms with remarkable grace. A notable example of Satavahana architectural brilliance is the grand Chaitya Hall at Karle, where human figures are depicted as slender and slightly elongated. Eroticism is a recurring motif in Satavahana sculptures, and white marble was extensively used for creating various artistic figures. Some of the notable Jataka tales illustrated at Amaravati include the Shibi, Nalagiri, and Chhadanta Jatakas. The Amaravati School of Art played a crucial role in introducing the depiction of Buddha as a divine figure receiving worship. The Satavahana rulers made remarkable contributions to Buddhist art and architecture, excelling in cave temple design and monumental construction, showcasing the highest standards of craftsmanship.