Question

Who put forwarded the concept of metacognition ?

• A. John H. Flawell
• B. Joseph D. Novak
• C. Erick Berne
• D. Max Wertheimer

Answer 1

Answer:

A. John H. Flawell

Metacognition Overview

• Concept Origin: The term metacognition was coined and introduced by the American developmental psychologist John H. Flavell in 1976.
• Definition: It is defined as thinking about one's own thinking. It involves the awareness and understanding of one's own cognitive processes and the ability to control them.
• Core Components: Flavell identified two main aspects of metacognition:
  • Metacognitive Knowledge: What learners know about themselves as thinkers, the tasks they encounter, and the strategies available to them.
  • Metacognitive Regulation: The active management of cognitive processes through planning, monitoring, and evaluating learning outcomes.
• Academic Significance: In educational psychology, metacognition is considered a critical skill for self-regulated learning. It enables students to assess their comprehension levels and adjust their strategies to overcome learning difficulties.
• Related Theories: Flavell’s work built upon the developmental frameworks established by Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, specifically regarding how children develop executive functions and self-awareness during the learning process.