The Lion Capital found at Sarnath, near Varanasi, is commonly known as the Sarnath Lion Capital.
Built in 250 BCE from polished sandstone, it is considered the finest example of Mauryan sculptural tradition and serves as India’s national emblem today.
Commissioned by Emperor Ashoka, the capital was created to commemorate the Dhammachakrapravartana—Buddha’s first sermon.
Originally, the structure consisted of five key components:
Pillar Shaft – A smooth, polished stone column.
Lotus Bell Base – An inverted lotus-shaped element.
Drum (Abacus) on the Bell Base – Features four animals (a bull, horse, elephant, and lion) moving clockwise. The abacus also includes four Dharmachakras (wheels), each with 24 spokes, symbolizing the Wheel of Dharma in Buddhism.
Four Majestic Addorsed (Back-to-Back) Lions – The lions are grand and imposing, positioned on a circular abacus, symbolizing power and dignity.
Crowning Element (Dharmachakra) – The original Dharamchakra (Wheel of Dharma) once sat atop the structure but is now missing.
This remarkable sculpture embodies the artistic excellence of the Mauryan period and remains a significant symbol of India’s heritage.
