Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
Howard Gardner's book - 'Frames of Mind' (1983)
He did not believe there was "one form of cognition which cut across all human thinking".
There are multiple intelligences with autonomous intelligence capacities".
So, intelligence cannot be viewed as a single entity. There are different types of intelligences which are independent of each other.
Further, people may have varied combinations of these intelligences.
Gardner initially proposed seven types of Intelligence which later on he increased to nine
Musical-Rhythmical Intelligence is the ability to use rhythms, sounds and patterns to create, compose and perform music.
It involves sensitivity to music, and the ability to recognize and manipulate musical patterns.
People with high musical intelligence are likely to be singers, music composers, instrumentalists and musicians
Visual-Spatial Intelligence is the capacity to perceive, understand and use spatial and visual information effectively.
Such people are good in spatial orientation, forming visual images and patterns. They can easily visualise the world with the mind's eye, modify the surrounding based upon their perception and recreate aspects of their visual experiences.
They are good at remembering images, figures, faces, fine details and visualise things from different angles.
People with high visual/spatial intelligence are likely to be architects, painters, interior designers, surgeons, pilots, drivers and sailors.
Logical-mathematical Intelligence is the ability to use logical reasoning and mathematical ability.
Individuals high on this intelligence have good abstract reasoning, critical thinking, and good in dealing with numbers.
Scientists, engineers, physicist, economists are people with high logical-mathematical intelligence
Intrapersonal Intelligence is the ability to understand oneself and know one's thoughts, emotions, feelings, motives and desires, and how these influence their behaviour.
It includes awareness about one's strengths, limitations, goals and ambitions in life. Such intelligence includes one's introspective and self-reflective capacities.
Psychologists, spiritual leaders, philosophers and writers also have strong intrapersonal intelligence
