Regarding the key changes introduced by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978, consider the following:

i. It made it compulsory for the President to give assent to a constitutional amendment bill.
ii. It restored the original five-year term for the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies.
iii. It empowered the President to send back the advice of the Cabinet for reconsideration once.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

With reference to the procedural requirements for a constitutional amendment bill affecting the federal structure of India, consider the following statements:

i. The bill must be passed by a special majority in both Houses of Parliament.
ii. It requires ratification by the legislatures of at least three-fourths of the states.
iii. The state legislatures must ratify the bill using a special majority.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Examine the following statements about President’s Rule under Article 356.

a. The President’s Rule can be extended beyond one year only if a National Emergency is in operation and the Election Commission certifies that elections cannot be held.

b. The Parliament cannot delegate the power to make laws for a state under President’s Rule to any authority other than the President.

Examine the following statements about Financial Emergency under Article 360.

a. A Financial Emergency has been declared in India at least once since the Constitution came into force.

b. The President can issue directions to reserve all money bills passed by state legislatures for his consideration during a Financial Emergency.

Consider the following statements about the differences between Articles 358 and 359 of the Indian Constitution.

1. Article 358 suspends Fundamental Rights under Article 19 only during an External Emergency, while Article 359 applies to both External and Internal Emergencies.

2. Article 358 automatically suspends Fundamental Rights under Article 19, while Article 359 requires a Presidential Order to suspend the enforcement of specified Fundamental Rights.

3. Article 359 allows the suspension of the enforcement of Articles 20 and 21 during an emergency.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements about the historical instances of National Emergency in India.

1. The first National Emergency was declared in 1962 due to the Indo-China War and was revoked in 1968.

2. The second and third National Emergencies were both lifted on March 21, 1977.

3. The Shah Commission was appointed to inquire into the atrocities during the National Emergency of 1971.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Who was the chairman of the drafting committee of the Constitution?

Consider the following statements about President’s Rule in Indian states.

1. The first state to experience President’s Rule after the enactment of the Constitution was Punjab in 1951.

2. Kerala has experienced President’s Rule seven times, with the longest period being from 1964 to 1967.

3. Manipur holds the record for the most instances of President’s Rule, imposed 11 times.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements about the judicial review of emergency provisions.

1. The 38th Amendment Act of 1975 made the declaration of a National Emergency immune from judicial review.

2. The Minerva Mills case (1980) held that a National Emergency proclamation can be challenged on grounds of malafide or irrelevance.

3. The satisfaction of the President in imposing President’s Rule under Article 356 is beyond judicial review after the 44th Amendment Act of 1978.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

The Right to Freedom of Religion is guaranteed under which Article of the Indian Constitution?

Consider the following statements about the effects of a Financial Emergency under Article 360.

1. The President can issue directions to reduce the salaries of Supreme Court and High Court judges during a Financial Emergency.

2. A Financial Emergency requires parliamentary approval within two months and continues indefinitely until revoked.

3. The reservation of state money bills for the President’s consideration is a mandatory provision during a Financial Emergency.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements are correct about the differences between Articles 358 and 359?

(i) Article 358 applies only to External Emergencies, while Article 359 applies to both External and Internal Emergencies.

(ii) Article 358 automatically suspends Article 19, while Article 359 requires a Presidential Order to suspend specified Fundamental Rights.

(iii) Article 358 allows the suspension of Articles 20 and 21, while Article 359 does not.

Which of the following statements are correct about the judicial review of emergency provisions?

(i) The 38th Amendment Act of 1975 made the declaration of a National Emergency immune from judicial review.

(ii) The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 restored judicial review of National Emergency proclamations.

(iii) The Supreme Court in the Minerva Mills case (1980) held that a National Emergency proclamation cannot be challenged on any grounds.

Consider the following statements about the amendments affecting emergency provisions.

(i) The 38th Amendment Act of 1975 made the declaration of both National Emergency and President’s Rule immune from judicial review.

(ii) The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 restored judicial review for both National Emergency and President’s Rule.

(iii) The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 extended the duration of a National Emergency indefinitely without parliamentary approval.

Consider the following statements about the historical imposition of President’s Rule in Kerala.

(i) Kerala experienced President’s Rule seven times, with the last instance in 1982.

(ii) The longest period of President’s Rule in Kerala was from 1964 to 1967.

(iii) The first imposition of President’s Rule in Kerala was in 1959.

Consider the following statements about the Financial Emergency under Article 360.

(i) A Financial Emergency can include directions to reduce salaries of state government employees.

(ii) A resolution approving a Financial Emergency requires a special majority in Parliament.

(iii) No Financial Emergency has ever been declared in India.

Consider the following statements about President’s Rule under Article 356.

(i) President’s Rule can be imposed if a state fails to comply with directions from the Centre, as per Article 365.

(ii) The state legislative assembly is always dissolved when President’s Rule is imposed.

(iii) The President cannot assume the powers of the state high court during President’s Rule.

Consider the following statements about the National Emergency under Article 352.

(i) The proclamation of a National Emergency must be approved by both Houses of Parliament by a special majority.

(ii) The life of the Lok Sabha can be extended beyond its normal term by one year at a time during a National Emergency.

(iii) The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 allowed the President to limit a National Emergency to a specific part of India.

Choose the correct statement(s) regarding the suspension of Fundamental Rights during a National Emergency.

(i) Article 358 automatically suspends the six Fundamental Rights under Article 19 when a National Emergency is declared.

(ii) Article 359 allows the President to suspend the enforcement of all Fundamental Rights, including Articles 20 and 21.

(iii) The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 ensured that laws unrelated to the emergency can be challenged for violating Fundamental Rights.

Choose the correct statement(s) regarding the effects of a National Emergency on Centre-State relations.

(i) The Parliament becomes empowered to make laws on subjects in the State List during a National Emergency.

(ii) The executive power of the Centre extends to directing states on any matter during a National Emergency.

(iii) The state legislatures are suspended during a National Emergency.

Who appoints the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners ?

Choose the correct statement(s) regarding the National Emergency under Article 352.

(i) The President can declare a National Emergency only after receiving written recommendations from the Cabinet.

(ii) The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 reduced the period for parliamentary approval of a National Emergency from two months to one month.

(iii) A National Emergency can be declared only after the actual occurrence of war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.

In which case the Supreme court established the principles of basic structure of the constitution ?

Which of the following is/are correct about the scope and application of Articles 358 and 359?

1. Article 358 automatically suspends Article 19 fundamental rights during a National Emergency declared on the grounds of war or external aggression.

2. Article 359 empowers the President to suspend enforcement of Fundamental Rights during both external and internal emergencies.

3. Article 359 allows suspension of enforcement of right to life and personal liberty (Article 21).

Which of the following statements regarding National Emergency in India are correct?

1. National Emergency has been declared three times in India’s history.

2. The first National Emergency was declared due to internal armed rebellion.

3. The 42nd Amendment made the declaration of Emergency immune from judicial review.

Regarding the duration and parliamentary approval of President's Rule, which statements are correct?

1. President's Rule lasts initially for six months after Parliamentary approval.

2. It can be extended beyond one year only if National Emergency is in operation and the Election Commission certifies difficulties.

3. Parliamentary approval for continuation of President’s Rule requires a special majority.

Regarding suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency, which are correct?

1. Article 358 suspends the six Fundamental Rights in Article 19 automatically only during emergencies due to war or external aggression.

2. Article 359 can suspend enforcement of fundamental rights only during Financial Emergency.

3. Neither Article 358 nor Article 359 suspends enforcement of Articles 20 and 21.

Consider the following statements:

1. The President can revoke the proclamation of National Emergency without Parliament’s approval.

2. During National Emergency, the executive power of the Centre can direct the states on any matter.

3. The laws made by Parliament on State List subjects during National Emergency remain valid even after six months of the Emergency ending.

Which of the statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements related to Parliamentary approval of Financial Emergency:

1. It must be approved within two months by both houses of Parliament.

2. Once approved, it continues indefinitely without need for repeated approval.

3. It requires special majority approval for continuation.

Which are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding Judicial Review during Emergency:

1. The 38th Amendment barred judicial review of proclamation of Emergency or President’s Rule.

2. The 44th Amendment restored the power of judicial review on Emergency proclamations.

3. Supreme Court’s Minerva Mills case upheld that National Emergency proclamation is immune from judicial scrutiny.

Which are correct?

Consider the following about effects of National Emergency:

1. The President can modify the distribution of revenues between Centre and States during Emergency.

2. The life of Lok Sabha can be extended for a maximum of three years during Emergency.

3. State legislatures get suspended during National Emergency.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:

1. Article 355 obliges the Centre to protect states from external aggression and internal disturbance.

2. The first state to have President’s Rule imposed after Constitution came into force was Kerala.

3. The President can assume powers of state High Court during President’s Rule.

Which are correct?

Who among the following is eligible to become the speaker of the Lok Sabha ?

Which constitutional Amendament Panchayati Raj Institutions in India?

From among the following subjects, which is included in the State List?

Choose the correct statement(s) regarding the Inter-State Council:

1. The Inter-State Council Secretariat, established in 1991, also functions as the secretariat for the Zonal Councils since 2011.

2. The Council’s standing committee is chaired by the Prime Minister.

3. The Council can investigate and discuss subjects of common interest between the Centre and the states.

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)?

1. The UPSC is consulted on methods of recruitment, appointments, promotions, and transfers for All India Services and Central Services.

2. The chairman of the UPSC can be removed by the President only after an inquiry by the Supreme Court for misbehaviour.

3. The UPSC’s recommendations are binding on the Union Government.

Which of the following statements are correct about the All India Services?

1. The All India Services Act, 1951, allows the Central Government to determine the conditions of service in consultation with state governments.

2. Officers of the All India Services are appointed to state cadres but can be deputed to Central Services.

3. The salaries and pensions of All India Services officers are paid by the Central Government.

Which of the following statements are correct regarding Zonal Councils?

1. Each Zonal Council is chaired by the Home Minister of the Central Government.

2. The Chief Ministers of the states in a zone act as vice-chairmen by rotation for a period of one year.

3. The Zonal Councils are constitutional bodies established under Article 263.

Which of the following statements are correct about the Inter-State Council?

1. The Inter-State Council was established in 1990 following the recommendations of the Sarkaria Commission.

2. It includes six Central cabinet ministers, including the Home Minister, as permanent members.

3. The Council is required to meet at least twice a year.

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956?

1. It empowers the Central Government to establish an ad hoc tribunal for resolving disputes over inter-state river waters.

2. The Supreme Court retains jurisdiction over disputes referred to the tribunal.

3. The tribunal’s decision is final and binding on the parties involved.

Consider the following statements regarding the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC):

1. The UPSC is consulted on all disciplinary matters affecting civil servants under the Union or All India Services.

2. The chairman of the UPSC is eligible for further employment under the Government of India or a state after ceasing to hold office.

3. The expenses of the UPSC are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India and are not subject to a vote in Parliament.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements about the All India Services:

1. The Central Government has the ultimate control over All India Services, while immediate control lies with the state governments.

2. Officers of the All India Services are appointed by the respective State Public Service Commissions.

3. The Indian Forest Service was established in 1966 under the All India Services Act, 1951.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding Zonal Councils:

1. Zonal Councils were established under the States Reorganisation Act of 1956 to promote cooperation among states.

2. The Home Minister of the Central Government is the common chairman of all Zonal Councils.

3. The North-Eastern Council was created under the same Act as the other Zonal Councils.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements about the Inter-State Council under Article 263:

1. The Inter-State Council was established based on the recommendations of the Sarkaria Commission.

2. The Council includes the Prime Minister as the Chairman and all Chief Ministers of states as members.

3. The Council has the authority to enforce its recommendations on inter-state and Centre-state relations.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Choose the correct statement(s) regarding the 73rd Constitutional Amendment:

1. It mandates direct election of all members at the village, intermediate, and district levels.

2. It makes the powers and functions of Panchayats uniform across all states.

3. Chairpersons at intermediate and district levels are elected indirectly.
   

According to the PESA Act of 1996 (Extension Act), which of the following are true?

1. The 73rd Amendment does not automatically apply to Fifth Schedule tribal areas.

2. The Parliament may extend Panchayati Raj provisions to Scheduled Areas with modifications.

3. Panchayats in scheduled areas cannot levy any taxes.
   

Which among the following statements about the Ashok Mehta Committee is/are correct?
i. It recommended replacing the three-tier Panchayati Raj system with a two-tier system.
ii. It advocated compulsory powers of taxation for Panchayats.
iii. It successfully saw all recommendations implemented at the central level.

Which of the following statements are correct about the Community Development Programme (CDP)?

1. The CDP began in 1952 and was implemented experimentally in select blocks.

2. It was the predecessor to the Panchayati Raj system.

3. The scheme successfully encouraged democratic participation among rural people.
   

Consider the following statements about the Gram Sabha:

1. Every Gram Sabha meeting must be presided over by the village Panchayat president or their deputy.

2. The quorum for the Gram Sabha meeting is fixed at 10% of registered voters.

3. Gram Sabha meetings must be held at least twice a year.
   Which of the statements are correct?