Consider the following statements regarding producers in different ecosystems.
- In terrestrial ecosystems, rooted plants are the main producers.
- Phytoplankton are floating plants that are dominant producers in aquatic ecosystems.
- Macrophytes are shallow water rooted plants primarily found as producers in terrestrial environments.
Choose the correct statements concerning autotrophs in an ecosystem.
- Autotrophs are also known as consumers because they feed on other organisms.
- Photosynthetic plants, possessing chlorophyll, synthesize high-energy organic compounds using sunlight.
- Certain autotrophs, like some bacteria, can synthesize food from chemical substances instead of sunlight.
- Autotrophs form the basis of all ecosystems.
Identify the incorrect statement(s) regarding biotic components of an ecosystem.
- Biotic components are primarily distinguished into autotrophs, heterotrophs, and saprotrophs.
- All living beings within an ecosystem are classified as biotic components.
- A biotic community consists only of populations belonging to a single species.
- Animals, plants, and microorganisms are examples of biotic components.
Which of the following statements about ecosystem components are correct?
- Ecosystems consist solely of biotic components.
- Abiotic components include living organisms.
- Interaction between biotic and abiotic components is essential for ecosystem functions.
- Air, water, and soil are examples of abiotic components.
Which of the following statements correctly identifies aspects used to describe ecosystem structure?
- Ecosystem structure can be detailed by examining its trophic organization and the composition of species present.
- The consideration of size scale and clear boundaries are irrelevant when describing an ecosystem's structure.
- Stratification, which refers to the vertical layering of an ecosystem, is a key component in understanding its structure.
- Only the living components are used to describe an ecosystem's structure; abiotic factors are excluded.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the fundamental nature of an ecosystem?
- An ecosystem is essentially a static collection of living organisms isolated from their surroundings.
- It can be conceptualized as a specific area of land or a water-body where life processes occur naturally and continuously.
- Structurally, an ecosystem exclusively comprises a community of various living organisms without considering non-living factors.
- The core structure of an ecosystem involves a community of living organisms interacting with their abiotic environment.
Consider the following statements regarding the 42nd Constitutional Amendment:
It added Articles 39A, 43A, and 48A to the Directive Principles of State Policy.
It empowered the Centre to deploy armed forces in states to address serious law and order situations.
It froze the number of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies based on the 1971 Census until 2001.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973):
It established that constitutional amendments cannot alter the basic structure of the Constitution.
It upheld the 24th Constitutional Amendment, which made the President’s assent to amendment bills mandatory.
It ruled that Fundamental Rights cannot be amended under any circumstances.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments?
The 73rd Amendment added Part IX and the Eleventh Schedule, which includes 29 subjects related to Panchayats.
The 74th Amendment introduced Part IX-A and the Twelfth Schedule, which lists 18 subjects related to municipalities.
Both amendments were passed under the leadership of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the Anti-Defection Law under the 52nd Constitutional Amendment?
A nominated member is disqualified if they join a political party after six months of taking their seat in the House.
The disqualification of a member for defection is decided by the presiding officer of the House, and this decision is final.
An independent member is disqualified if they join a political party after their election.
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the 44th Constitutional Amendment?
It restored the tenure of the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies to 5 years from 6 years.
It introduced the term "Cabinet" in Article 352, requiring the President to act on the Cabinet’s written recommendation for proclaiming an emergency.
It allowed the suspension of Articles 20 and 21 during a national emergency.
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the 42nd Constitutional Amendment?
It transferred five subjects, including education and forests, from the State List to the Concurrent List.
It abolished the requirement of a quorum in Parliament and state legislatures.
It curtailed the power of the Supreme Court to decide election disputes involving the Prime Minister and Speaker.
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the amendment procedure of the Indian Constitution?
A constitutional amendment bill requires a special majority, defined as a majority of the total membership of each House and two-thirds of members present and voting.
Provisions like the use of official language or delimitation of constituencies can be amended by a simple majority in Parliament.
There is a time limit within which state legislatures must ratify a constitutional amendment bill affecting federal provisions.
Consider the following statements regarding the Anti-Defection Law under the 52nd Constitutional Amendment:
A member of a House is disqualified if they voluntarily give up their party membership or vote against the party’s direction without prior permission.
The decision on disqualification under the Anti-Defection Law is made by the presiding officer and is not subject to judicial review.
The 91st Amendment removed the exemption from disqualification in cases of a split in the legislature party.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the 44th Constitutional Amendment:
It restored the powers of the Supreme Court and High Courts to conduct judicial review of ordinances.
It removed the right to property from the list of Fundamental Rights and placed it under Part XII.
It allowed the suspension of Fundamental Rights under Article 19 during a national emergency declared on any ground.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the 42nd Constitutional Amendment:
It added the words "Socialist," "Secular," and "Integrity" to the Preamble of the Constitution.
It extended the tenure of the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies from 5 to 6 years.
It introduced the concept of Fundamental Duties under Part IV-A of the Constitution.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the types of majority required for constitutional amendments:
Amendments to provisions related to the federal structure require a special majority in Parliament and ratification by at least half of the state legislatures.
A simple majority in Parliament is sufficient to amend provisions like the creation of new states or changes to the Fifth Schedule.
The term "special majority" refers to a majority of the total membership of each House, regardless of vacancies or absentees.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the procedure for amending the Indian Constitution:
A constitutional amendment bill can only be introduced in either House of Parliament and not in state legislatures.
The President can withhold assent to a constitutional amendment bill or return it for reconsideration.
In case of a deadlock between the two Houses of Parliament over a constitutional amendment bill, a joint sitting can be convened to resolve the issue.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding provisions amendable by a special majority of Parliament.
The Directive Principles of State Policy can be amended by a special majority of Parliament alone.
The representation of states in Parliament requires a special majority of Parliament and ratification by half of the state legislatures.
The number of puisne judges in the Supreme Court can be amended by a special majority of Parliament.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the criticism of the amendment procedure.
The amendment procedure is criticized for being too similar to the ordinary legislative process, except for the special majority requirement.
The Constitution provides detailed guidelines on the time frame for state legislatures to ratify amendments.
The power to amend the Constitution lies exclusively with the Parliament, with no role for a special body like a Constitutional Convention.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the types of majority in the Indian Constitution.
An absolute majority refers to a majority of the total membership of the House, irrespective of vacancies or absentees.
A special majority is required for the impeachment of the President, which involves a two-thirds majority of the total membership of each House.
An effective majority is used for passing ordinary bills in Parliament.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the role of the President in constitutional amendments.
The President must give assent to a constitutional amendment bill, as mandated by the 24th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1971.
The President can initiate a constitutional amendment bill.
The President’s assent is required only for amendments that involve federal provisions.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the amendment process under Article 368?
A constitutional amendment bill requires prior permission from the President before introduction in Parliament.
Each House of Parliament must pass the bill separately with a special majority.
The President’s assent is mandatory for a constitutional amendment bill to become an Act.
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the amendment procedure in the Indian Constitution?
The power to amend the Constitution lies exclusively with the Parliament.
The President’s prior permission is required to introduce a constitutional amendment bill.
A constitutional amendment bill must be passed by a special majority in each House of Parliament separately.
Consider the following statements regarding the types of majority required in Parliament:
An effective majority is required for the removal of the Vice-President in the Rajya Sabha.
A special majority of two-thirds of the total membership of each House is required for the impeachment of the President.
A simple majority is sufficient for passing a Money Bill in Parliament.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973):
The Supreme Court ruled that Parliament cannot amend the basic structure of the Constitution.
The case overturned the 24th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1971.
The basic structure doctrine applies only to amendments made by a special majority of Parliament.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the types of amendments in the Indian Constitution:
Amendments to provisions like the formation of new states can be made by a simple majority of Parliament.
Amendments to Fundamental Rights require a special majority of Parliament and ratification by half of the state legislatures.
The concept of amending the Constitution was borrowed from the Constitution of South Africa.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the amendment procedure under Article 368 of the Indian Constitution:
A constitutional amendment bill can be initiated in either House of Parliament but not in state legislatures.
The President can withhold assent to a constitutional amendment bill or return it for reconsideration.
In case of disagreement between the two Houses of Parliament, a joint sitting can be held to resolve the deadlock.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?