Statement I: Organizational structure has no impact on efficiency.
Statement II: Clear structure improves communication and control. Answer: B Explanation:
Statement I: Management functions include planning, organizing, and directing.
Statement II: Evaluation is not considered a function of management.
Statement I: Strategic planning is operational and short-term.
Statement II: Tactical planning is more detailed than strategic planning.
Statement I: Decision-making is the essence of administration.
Statement II: Simon introduced the concept of bounded rationality.
Statement I: Informal communication is always harmful to administration.
Statement II: Informal networks can enhance coordination.
Statement I: Unity of direction ensures coordination in organizations.
Statement II: It means every employee reports to multiple superiors.
Statement I: Organizational culture shapes employee behavior.
Statement II: It is easy to change organizational culture overnight.
Statement I: Ethics in administration ensure fairness and justice.
Statement II: It may be ignored without consequences.
Statement I: Communication in administration is only top-down.
Statement II: Horizontal and upward communication are also essential. Answer: B Explanation: Effective communication is multi-directional.
Statement I: Public organizations are purely profit-driven.
Statement II: Non-profit organizations serve social goals without profit motives.
Statement I: Organizational change is often resisted due to uncertainty.
Statement II: Change management includes strategies to minimize resistance.
Statement I: Authority flows upwards, while responsibility flows downward.
Statement II: Delegation involves assigning responsibility and authority. Answer: B Explanation:
Statement I: Agile management encourages flexibility and responsiveness.
Statement II: It is unsuitable for technology-based environments.