Write clear, measurable learning outcomes
Learning outcomes should be specific and measurable so that students understand what they are expected to learn and how to achieve it.
Use the Backward Design process
Write learning outcomes first, then use them as a framework to design activities and assessments.
Use pretests
Present learning outcomes before each passage, and have students answer multiple-choice questions. This is more effective than passively presenting learning outcomes.
Use active learning strategies
Use strategies that encourage active processing and provide feedback, such as retrieval practice, elaboration strategies, and self-explanation.
Avoid passive strategies
Avoid strategies that make the learning process feel easier, such as highlighting or rereading