AParticipant Observation
BNon-Participant Observation
CControlled Observation
DNatural Observation
Answer:
A. Participant Observation
Read Explanation:
Participant observation (PO) is a research method where the observer becomes part of the group being studied, usually over a longer period of time. The goal of PO is to record the group's behaviors in a natural setting, and to gain an insider's perspective. PO is a qualitative research method that's often used in anthropology, sociology, psychology, and other disciplines.
Here are some examples of how PO can be used:
In a hospital: To understand the experiences of patients and nurses
In a gaming club: To understand how consumers use video games
In a religious community: To understand the beliefs and practices of members
Some ethical issues to consider when using PO include: deception, informed consent, confidentiality, and precision of description.
There are many types of observation in psychology, including:
Naturalistic observation
A research method that records behavior without researcher interference. This method is used for both human and animal studies.
Participant observation
A type of observational study that is often used in conjunction with other types of research, like interviews and surveys.
Controlled observation
A research approach where researchers control many aspects of the study, such as the participants, the circumstances, and the procedures.
Structured observation
A type of observation method where a researcher observes for specific behaviors.
Case studies
A type of observational research that involves a thorough descriptive analysis of a single individual, group, or event.
Covert observations
A type of observation where participants are unaware they are being observed.
Recording behavior
A method that involves watching and recording the behavior of people under natural conditions.
Behavioral coding
A method where researchers create a systematic coding system to categorize and quantify observed behaviors.
Event sampling
A type of observation that involves closely observing and analyzing a situation.