Question

According to Krashen, which of the following is a primary characteristic of language acquired, as opposed to learned?

• A. A. Conscious knowledge of grammatical rules
• B. B. Explicit understanding of linguistic structures
• C. C. Fluency and spontaneous communication
• D. D. Ability to pass grammar tests

Answer 1

Answer:

C. C. Fluency and spontaneous communication

According to Stephen Krashen, a primary characteristic of language that is acquired (as opposed to learned) is:

✅ It is used spontaneously and fluently in communication.

Explanation:

Krashen’s Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis distinguishes between:

• Acquisition: A subconscious process, similar to the way children learn their first language. It leads to natural, fluent use of language.

• Learning: A conscious process of studying rules and grammar, which does not lead to spontaneous use but can help monitor output.

So, acquired language is:

• Subconscious

• Fluent and natural

• Used spontaneously in real communication

Whereas learned language is:

• Conscious

• Rule-based

• Used more in formal or edited speech/writing