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According to the Systems Approach, how does feedback function within an organization?

  1. Feedback is a one-way communication channel that only informs the external environment about the organization's performance.
  2. Feedback serves as an information loop connecting outputs back to inputs, enabling necessary adjustments.
  3. Negative feedback is ignored as it does not contribute to organizational improvement.
  4. Customer satisfaction surveys are an example of feedback that helps refine production processes.

    A1, 2

    B4

    C2, 4

    D4 മാത്രം

    Answer:

    C. 2, 4

    Read Explanation:

    • Feedback is a crucial element in the Systems Approach, acting as a communication loop that informs management about the effectiveness of the organization's outputs.

    • This information, whether positive or negative, allows for adjustments in inputs or processes to improve future performance.

    • For instance, if customer feedback indicates a flaw in a product, management can use this information to alter the manufacturing process or the raw materials used.

    • This continuous loop of information ensures the organization remains adaptive and responsive to its environment.


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    According to J.W.Lorsch and P.R.Lawrence, what does the Contingency Approach highlight about the interdependence of sub-units within an organization?

    1. Each sub-unit operates independently of others and the environment.
    2. The behavior of one part of the organization is influenced by its environment and other sub-units.
    3. Managers should focus solely on individual sub-unit performance.
    4. Interdependencies between sub-units are not significant for management strategy.
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