Question

Learning through observation and direct experience is part and parcel of:

• A. Situational learning theory
• B. Social learning theory
• C. Classical learning
• D. Pavlov principle

Answer 1

Answer:

B. Social learning theory

Social learning theory is a psychological theory that explains how people learn from others through observation, imitation, and modeling. It was proposed by Canadian-American psychologist Albert Bandura in 1977. 

Social learning theory is based on the idea that people can learn indirectly by observing the behaviors of others and the consequences that follow. This process is known as vicarious reinforcement. People can also learn through direct instruction, but learning doesn't necessarily require direct reinforcement or motor reproduction. 

Here are some key aspects of social learning theory: 

• Vicarious reinforcement

  People can learn from observing others being rewarded or punished. For example, if someone sees a peer rewarded for being on time, they might start to show up early themselves. 

• Self-efficacy

  People can learn their confidence in their own abilities by observing others. For example, if someone sees a role model using substances with positive consequences, they might be more likely to use substances themselves. 

• Cognitive process

  Learning is a cognitive process that involves thinking. It's not just a matter of observing a behavior and copying it. 

• Social context

  Learning takes place in a social context. People can learn from a variety of models, including parents, peers, and the media. 

Social learning theory is a key part of social work, particularly in cognitive-behavioral therapy.