Match Erikson's Psychosocial Stages with their Key Virtues.
| Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt | Care |
| Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion | Love |
| Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation | Fidelity |
| Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation | Purpose |
AA-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
BA-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
CA-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
DA-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
Answer:
D. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
Read Explanation:
Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
Erikson's stage of psychosocial development is a theory that was introduced in the 1950s by the Psychologist and psychoanalyst Erik Erikson.
The person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for personality development.
He is famous for coining the phrase “ IDENTITY CRISIS”
Eight stages of development
Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development theory proposes that our personality develops through eight stages.
Stage 1 : Trust vs mistrust
Stage 2 : Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Stage 3 : Initiative vs Guilt
Stage 4 : Industry vs inferiority
Stage 5 : Identity vs Role confusion
Stage 6 : Intimacy vs isolation
Stage 7 : Generativity vs stagnation
Stage 8 : Integrity vs Despair
Stage 1 : Trust vs Mistrust
Occurs between Birth – 18 months of age ( infancy period )
Virtue : Hope
Important event : Feeding
During the first stage of psychosocial development children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability care and affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust.
Stage 2 : Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Occurs between 18 months to 3 years ( early childhood )
Virtue : will
Important event : Toilet training
This is the me do it stage
Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.
Success during this stage of psychosocial development leads to feelings of autonomy , failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.
Stage 3 : Initiative vs Guilt
Occurs between 3 to 5 years ( preschool age )
Virtue : purpose
Important event : Exploration
Children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing play and other social interactions.
Children who are successful at this stage feel capable and able to lead others.
Those who are unsuccessful develop a sense of guilt and lack of initiative.
Stage 4 : Industry vs inferiority
Occurs between 5 to 11 years ( School age period )
Virtue : Competency
Important event : school
Children need to cope with new social and academic demands.
Success leads to a sense of competence , while failure results in feelings of inferiority .
Stage 5 : Identity vs Role confusion
Occurs between 12 to 18 years ( Adolescence period )
Virtue : Fidelity
Important event : social relationship
Main task is developing a sense of self also struggle with questions such as “ who am I ? and what do I ? want to do with my life”?
Adolescents who are successful at this stage have a strong sense of identity while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self.
Stage 6 : Intimacy vs isolation
Occurs between 19 to 40 years ( young adulthood period )
Virtue : Love
Important event : Love relationship
Young adults need to form intimate loving relationships with other people.
Success leads to strong relationships , while failure results in loneliness and isolation.
Stage 7 : Generativity vs stagnation
Occurs between 40 to 65 years ( Adulthood period )
Virtue : care
Important event : Work and parenthood
Generativity involves finding your life’s work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring and raising children.
Those who do not master this task may experience stagnation and feel as though they are not leaving a mark on the world in a meaningful way .
Stage 8 : Integrity vs Despair
Occurs from 60 years to end ( old age period )
Virtue : Wisdom
Important event : Reflection on life
Success is in the belief we have achieved our goals and found happiness , leading to the feeling of integrity.
On the other hand , failure may be experienced as despair and regret over things not done completed or mistakes made.