Question

Which of the following social indicators are explicitly mentioned as characteristic achievements of the Kerala Model of Development?

1. Literacy rate
2. Industrial production output
3. Life expectancy
4. Infant mortality rate
5. Birth rate

• A. ii, iv
• B. All
• C. i, iii, iv, v
• D. i, iv

Answer 1

Answer:

C. i, iii, iv, v

Understanding the Kerala Model of Development

The Kerala Model of Development refers to the unique developmental paradigm observed in the Indian state of Kerala, characterized by high achievements in social indicators despite relatively lower per capita income and industrial growth compared to other developed states.

It is often seen as a paradox: "high human development with low economic growth".

This model is largely attributed to strong public action, investments in social sectors, and a high level of political and social awareness among its populace.

Key Characteristic Achievements (Social Indicators):

1. Literacy Rate:

Kerala boasts a near 100% literacy rate, making it one of the most literate states in India. This high literacy, especially among women, is considered a cornerstone of its social development.

Kottayam became the first town in India to achieve 100% literacy in 1989.

Kerala was declared India's first fully literate state in 1991.

2. Life Expectancy:

Kerala has a significantly higher life expectancy at birth compared to the Indian national average, often comparable to developed countries.

This is a direct result of its robust public health system, widespread access to healthcare facilities, and emphasis on preventive care.

3. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR):

The state has one of the lowest Infant Mortality Rates (IMR) in India, which is on par with many developed nations.

This achievement is attributed to comprehensive maternal and child healthcare services, high institutional delivery rates, and widespread health awareness.

For competitive exams, note that Kerala's IMR is often cited as a benchmark for public health success in developing regions.

4. Birth Rate:

Kerala has a very low birth rate, approaching replacement levels, which is substantially lower than the national average.

This demographic transition is largely due to high female literacy, empowerment of women, widespread adoption of family planning practices, and better access to education and healthcare.