ABruner
BSkinner
CKohlberg
DWatson
Answer:
C. Kohlberg
Read Explanation:
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Lawrence Kohlberg, an American psychologist, formulated the Theory of Moral Development in 1958, expanding upon Jean Piaget's earlier work on children's moral reasoning.
Moral development is the process through which children develop proper attitudes and behavior towards other people in society based on social and cultural norms, rules and laws .
The theory posits that moral reasoning evolves through a continuous progression divided into 3 levels and 6 distinct stages.
Kohlberg evaluated moral reasoning using hypothetical moral dilemmas, the most famous being the Heinz Dilemma.
Books : -
The philosophy of moral development
The psychology of moral development
Levels and Stages of Moral Development
Level 1: Pre-Conventional Morality
Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation – Rules are viewed as absolute; actions are judged right or wrong based on whether they result in punishment.
Stage 2: Instrumental Relativist / Individualism and Exchange – Right behavior is defined by what satisfies one's personal needs and involves a concept of fair exchange (self-interest).
Level 2: Conventional Morality
Stage 3: Good Boy–Nice Girl Orientation (Interpersonal Concordance) – Behavior is driven by the desire for social approval and conforming to peer expectations.
Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation (Social System Morality) – Focuses on maintaining social order, respecting authority, and performing one's duties.
Level 3: Post-Conventional / Principled Morality
Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights – Laws are regarded as social contracts that should promote the greatest good for the greatest number; unjust laws can be modified.
Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles – Moral reasoning is guided by abstract, universal ethical principles (such as human rights, justice, and dignity) that transcend written laws.