Question

Smithburg characterized the Behavioural Approach by stating:

I. It treats the organization strictly as a formal structure, disregarding informal relations.

II. It places increased attention on the individual's personality aspects rather than just their functional role.

III. It is primarily descriptive and analytical rather than prescriptive.

Which of the following is correct?

• A. I only
• B. II and III only
• C. I and III only
• D. I, II, and III

Answer 1

Answer:

B. II and III only

Behavioural Approach in Administration

• The Behavioural Approach emphasizes the study of human behavior within organizations. It focuses on the actions, motivations, and interactions of individuals and groups in the context of administrative processes.
• Key Tenets:
  • Focus on Individuals: It places significant importance on the psychological and social aspects of individuals, recognizing their personality traits, needs, and emotions, rather than solely viewing them as cogs in a machine or defined by their job descriptions.
  • Informal Organization: Unlike earlier approaches that might have overlooked or downplayed informal relationships, the Behavioural Approach acknowledges and analyzes the impact of informal groups, communication networks, and social dynamics on organizational functioning. It recognizes that formal structures do not encompass the entirety of organizational life.
  • Descriptive and Analytical: This approach is largely descriptive and analytical. It aims to understand and explain *how* organizations function and *why* people behave in certain ways within them, rather than prescribing a set of rigid rules or solutions. It seeks to observe, measure, and analyze behavior.
  • Empirical Research: It heavily relies on empirical research, case studies, and observational methods to gather data and draw conclusions about organizational behavior.
• Distinction from other approaches:
  • The Classical Approach (e.g., Taylor, Fayol) primarily focused on formal structure, efficiency, and scientific management, often treating workers mechanistically.
  • The Neoclassical or Human Relations Approach (e.g., Mayo) highlighted the importance of human factors but was sometimes seen as a precursor or less comprehensive than the full Behavioural Approach. The Behavioural Approach built upon and expanded these ideas.
• Prominent Contributors: Key figures associated with the Behavioural Approach include Herbert Simon (known for 'bounded rationality'), Chester Barnard (on communication and cooperation), Abraham Maslow (hierarchy of needs), Douglas McGregor (Theory X and Theory Y), and Chris Argyris.