Question

The chemical compound present in turmeric is:

• A. curcumin
• B. tartaric acid
• C. carotene
• D. capsaicin

Answer 1

Answer:

A. curcumin

Curcumin: The Active Compound in Turmeric

Chemical Structure and Properties

• Curcumin is the principal curcuminoid found in turmeric (Curcuma longa).

• It is responsible for turmeric's characteristic vibrant yellow-orange color and its pungent, peppery flavor.

• Chemically, curcumin is a polyphenol. Its molecular formula is C₂₁H₂₀O₆.

• The structure consists of two aromatic rings joined by three unsaturated carbon chains, featuring two methoxy groups and a hydroxyl group on each ring.

• Curcumin exists in several tautomeric forms, primarily keto-enol tautomerism, with the enol form being more stable and prevalent.

Biological Activity and Health Benefits

• Curcumin is extensively studied for its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

• It acts as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), thereby reducing oxidative stress.

• Its anti-inflammatory effects are attributed to its ability to inhibit various inflammatory pathways and molecules, such as NF-κB, COX-2, and cytokines.

• Research suggests potential benefits in managing conditions like arthritis, metabolic syndrome, and neurodegenerative diseases, although more clinical trials are needed.