Question

The period of 'industry vs inferiority' given by Ericsson is influenced by

• A. society
• B. the home environment
• C. the school environment
• D. guardian

Answer 1

Answer:

C. the school environment

Erik Erickson

• The psycho-social theory of Erik Erickson considers the growth and development of individuals through eight stages.
• These eight stages put forward by Erikson are developmental stages that are dependent on each other, with the present stage of development being impacted by what had gone on in the earlier stages of development and what goes on in the present stage to affect the mastery of the next stage of development. 
• In this theory, the focus is on how the individuals learn the ways and means of coming to understand themselves, how they understand others in the environment and what meaning they have for the individual, etc.

Erickson's eight psychosocial stages of development:

1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy): The first stage occurs in infancy, and the main developmental task is developing a sense of trust in the world and others. 
2. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (Early Childhood): This stage occurs during early childhood, and the central focus is developing a sense of independence and autonomy while exploring the environment. 
3. Initiative vs Guilt (Preschool Age): The third stage occurs during the preschool years, and the key task is developing a sense of purpose and taking the initiative in one's activities.
4. Industry vs Inferiority (School Age):
   •  Inferiority occurs during childhood between the ages of five and twelve.
   • In this age group, the children go to school, and hence, the stage of Industry vs. inferiority is influenced by the school environment. 
   • If children are encouraged and reinforced for their initiative, they begin to feel industrious (competent) and feel confident in their ability to achieve goals. 
   • If this initiative is not encouraged, if it is restricted by parents or teachers, then the child begins to feel inferior, doubting his own abilities and therefore may not reach his or her potential.
5. Identity vs Role Confusion (Adolescence): The fifth stage occurs during adolescence, and the central focus is forming a coherent sense of self-identity and establishing personal values and beliefs. 
6. Intimacy vs Isolation (Early O Adulthood): This stage occurs in early adulthood, and the main developmental task is establishing intimate and meaningful relationships with others. 
7. Generativity vs Stagnation (Middle Adulthood): The seventh stage occurs in middle adulthood, and the primary task is to contribute to society and the next generation through work, parenting, mentoring, or other forms of productivity. 
8. Integrity vs Despair (Late Adulthood): The final stage takes place in late adulthood, and the central focus is on reflecting on one's life and accepting the inevitability of death with a sense of integrity and fulfilment.