ABehaviorism
BCognitivism
CHumanism
DConstructivism
Answer:
D. Constructivism
Read Explanation:
The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 is deeply rooted in the principles of Constructivism. This educational philosophy posits that learners actively construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, rather than passively receiving information.
Key tenets of Constructivism include:
Active Learning: Learners are encouraged to engage actively in the learning process through experiences, exploration, and experimentation.
Prior Knowledge: Learning is built upon the foundation of a learner's existing knowledge and experiences. New information is interpreted and integrated into this existing schema.
Social Interaction: Learning is a social process. Interaction with peers, teachers, and the wider community facilitates the construction of knowledge. Vygotsky's theories on social constructivism are highly influential here, emphasizing the role of social interaction and language in cognitive development.
Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking: Learners are presented with problems and situations that encourage them to think critically, analyze, and devise solutions, thereby constructing their own understanding.
Meaningful Context: Learning should occur within meaningful and relevant contexts that allow learners to connect new information to their lives and experiences.
NCF 2005 advocates for pedagogical approaches that embody constructivist principles. This includes shifting from teacher-centered instruction to learner-centered approaches, promoting inquiry-based learning, project work, and collaborative activities.
The framework emphasizes moving away from rote memorization towards developing conceptual understanding and the ability to apply knowledge in new situations.
The psychological underpinnings of NCF 2005, therefore, are centered on the idea that knowledge is not simply transmitted from teacher to student, but is actively built by the learner through interaction with their environment and experiences.