AKenberg
BKohlberg
CFenichel
DKern
Answer:
B. Kohlberg
Read Explanation:
Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning describes the stages individuals go through as they develop their ability to make ethical decisions.
Moral development progresses through a series of levels and stages.
These stages are grouped into three main levels:-
Pre-conventional Level (Typically children under age 9)
Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
Morality is based on avoiding punishment.
Example: "I shouldn’t steal because I’ll get in trouble.
Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange
Decisions are driven by self-interest and reciprocal benefits.
Example: "I’ll help you if you help me."
Conventional Level (Adolescents and most adults)
Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships
Morality is focused on gaining approval and maintaining relationships.
Example: "I’ll do this because it’s what a good person would do."
Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order
Importance is placed on obeying laws and rules to maintain order in society.
Example: "It’s wrong to break the law, even if it helps someone.
Post-conventional Level (Some adults, not all)
Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
Morality is viewed in terms of upholding individual rights and social contracts. Laws can be changed for the greater good.
Example: "Stealing might be wrong, but saving a life is more important than property."
Stage 6: Universal Principles
Decisions are based on abstract ethical principles, such as justice, equality, and human rights, even if it means breaking laws.
Example: "I must do what’s right, even if it’s against the law."