Question

What is the historical significance of the Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves in Bhubaneswar to the dance form Odissi?

• A. They contain the earliest written records of Odissi dance movements.
• B. They are the site of the first royal performance of Odissi.
• C. Archaeological evidence from these caves traces the origins of Odissi to the 2nd century BCE.
• D. They are where the first Gotipuas were trained in Odissi.

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Archaeological evidence from these caves traces the origins of Odissi to the 2nd century BCE.

Archaeological evidence traces Odissi back to the 2nd century BCE, with depictions found in the Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves in Bhubaneswar. The dance form is rooted in the principles of the Natyashastra and Abhinaya Darpana. Traditionally, Maharis—temple dancers—were the primary practitioners and custodians of Odissi. Later, a group of male dancers known as Gotipuas was trained in the art. Another variation of this dance, called Nartala, continued to be performed in royal courts. The movement technique is centered around two fundamental postures: Chowk – a square stance representing masculinity Tribhanga – a three-bend posture embodying femininity Expressive hand gestures (mudras) and fluid torso movements are essential elements of Odissi. The Odissi orchestra typically includes a Pakhavaj player, flutist, sitar player, manjira (cymbals) player, and a vocalist.