A70th and 71st Amendments
B73rd and 74th Amendments
C42nd and 44th Amendments
D92nd and 93rd Amendments
Answer:
B. 73rd and 74th Amendments
Read Explanation:
Decentralization in India
When power is taken away from Central and State governments and given to local government, it is called decentralisation.
Before 1992, the local bodies were directly under the state governments.
→ Regular elections were not held.
→ The local bodies did not have any resources or powers of their own.Decentralization in India was primarily institutionalized through the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments of 1992, which came into force in 1993
After 1992, the Constitution was amended to make the third-tier of democracy more powerful and effective. The steps taken are :
→ Mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies.
→ Seats are reserved for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes.
At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women.
An independent institution called the State Election Commission has been created in each State.
The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies.
73rd Amendment Act, 1992 : This amendment focuses on rural governance through Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs).
It introduced a three-tier system of local governance at the village (Gram Panchayat), block (Panchayat Samiti), and district (Zila Parishad) levels.
It added Part IX to the Constitution of India, containing Articles 243 to 243O, and the 11th Schedule
74th Amendment Act, 1992 : This amendment addresses urban governance through Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), establishing a three-tier system: Nagar Panchayat (for transitional areas), Municipal Council (for smaller urban areas), and Municipal Corporation (for larger cities).
It added Part IX-A to the Constitution, containing Articles 243P to 243ZG, and the 12th Schedule