AKathak
BKathakali
CBharatanatyam
DMohiniyattam
Answer:
C. Bharatanatyam
Read Explanation:
Origin and Development of Bharatanatyam
The Tanjore Quartet and their Contribution
The Tanjore Quartet were four brothers: Chinnayya, Ponnayya, Sivanandam, and Vadivelu.
They were instrumental in codifying and systematizing the Bharatanatyam dance form in the 19th century.
Working under the patronage of the Maratha king of Thanjavur, Serfoji II, they revived and refined the dance, which was previously known by various names like Sadir or Dasiattam.
They are credited with composing the repertoire of Bharatanatyam, including the Varnam, Padam, Javali, and Tillana, which form the core of the dance's performance structure.
Their work ensured the preservation and standardization of Bharatanatyam, laying the foundation for its modern form.
Key Elements of Bharatanatyam
Nritta: Pure dance movements, characterized by rhythmic footwork, intricate patterns, and graceful gestures, focusing on abstract beauty.
Nritya: Expressive dance that conveys emotions and stories through mime, gestures (mudras), and facial expressions (abhinaya).
Natya: Dramatic representation, combining dance, mime, and music to tell a narrative.
Historical Context
Bharatanatyam has ancient roots, tracing back to the sculptures of the Chola period (c. 8th-12th centuries) and classical Sanskrit texts like the Natya Shastra by Bharata Muni.
It was traditionally performed by temple dancers (Devadasis) in South Indian temples.
The colonial era saw a decline in its practice due to negative societal perceptions, but it was revived in the early 20th century, notably by figures like E. Krishna Iyer and Rukmini Devi Arundale.
Rukmini Devi Arundale played a significant role in popularizing Bharatanatyam and elevating its status by establishing the Kalakshetra Foundation.