Which major exponent of Classical Theory focused broadly on the organisation structure and management process, unlike Taylor's shop-floor efficiency focus?
AMary Parker Follett
BHenry Fayol
CR. Shelton
DD. Luther Gulick
Answer:
B. Henry Fayol
Read Explanation:
Henry Fayol: A Pioneer in Management Theory
- Henri Fayol (1841–1925) was a French mining engineer, geologist, and director of mines, who is widely recognized as one of the major exponents of Classical Management Theory.
- Unlike Frederick Winslow Taylor, whose work concentrated on scientific management and improving efficiency at the shop-floor level (e.g., time and motion studies), Fayol's focus was on the broader aspects of organizational management.
- Fayol's contributions are significant because he developed a general theory of administration that could be applied to all types of organizations, not just factories.
- He is best known for his '14 Principles of Management', which are still relevant in modern management practices. These principles include:
- Division of Work
- Authority
- Discipline
- Unity of Command
- Unity of Direction
- Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest
- Remuneration
- Centralization
- Scalar Chain
- Order
- Equity
- Stability of Tenure of Personnel
- Initiative
- Esprit de Corps (Team Spirit)
- Fayol also identified five primary functions of management: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. He viewed these functions as universal and essential for effective management.
- His work, particularly his book 'Administration Industrielle et Générale' (General and Industrial Management), published in 1916, provided a framework for understanding the management process and organizational structure.
- Fayol's theory is often referred to as 'Administrative Management Theory' or the 'Operational School'.
- His emphasis on the 'managerial process' and the 'functions of management' distinguished his approach from the task-oriented focus of Taylor.