Which of the following theory is also known as Theory of Reinforcement ?
AOperant Conditioning Theory
BStimulus Response Theory
CClassical Conditioning Theory
DTheory of Insight
Answer:
A. Operant Conditioning Theory
Read Explanation:
B. F. Skinner - Theory of Operant Conditioning
- B. F. Skinner, an American psychologist, propounded the "Theory of Operant Conditioning" whic h is also known as "Theory of Reinforcement" and "Instrumental Conditioning Theory".
- This theory refers to the learning process where learning takes place through rewarding a certain behaviour or withholding reward for undesirable behaviour.
- Skinner emphasizes that a person or animal tends to 'repeat' behaviour which has been 'rewarded' (positively reinforced), or tends to 'stop' which has been 'punished' (negatively reinforced).
SKINNER'S EXPERIMENT WITH RAT:
- Skinner developed a special apparatus known as skinner's box.
- This box has a grid floor, a system of light or sound produced at the time of delivery of a pellet of food, in the food cup, on the pressing of the lever.
- Skinner placed a hungry rat in the box.
- In this experiment, pressure on the bar in a certain way, by the rat could result in the production of a click and emergence of a food pellet.
- The rat was rewarded for each proper pressing of the lever.
- The rat repeated this process and ultimately learned to press the lever a desired by the experimenter.
- Classical Conditioning Theory - Ivan Pavlov
- Stimulus Response Theory - E.L Thorndike
- Theory of Insight - Wolfgang Kohler