Question

Which of the following works is associated with the Hinayana tradition of Buddhism?

• A. Mahavastu
• B. Lalitavistara
• C. Rajatarangini
• D. Manusmriti

Answer 1

Answer:

A. Mahavastu

Sanskrit Literature Sanskrit is the most ancient language of India and holds a place of honor as one of the twenty-two officially recognized languages in the Indian Constitution. Its literary tradition is immensely rich, beginning with the Rig Veda, one of humanity's oldest literary legacies, alongside texts like the Zend Avesta. Sanskrit Buddhist literature is equally diverse, encompassing texts from both the Mahayana and Hinayana schools. The Mahavastu, a significant work of the Hinayana tradition, is a treasure trove of stories. In the Mahayana tradition, Lalitavistara is regarded as a sacred text and served as a major source for Buddhacharita, composed by Ashvaghosha. Kalhana’s Rajatarangini presents a comprehensive chronicle of Kashmir’s kings, while the historian Jonaraja celebrates the valor and legacy of Prithviraj Chauhan. The Dharmasutras, compiled between 500 and 200 BCE, outline duties for various varnas (social classes), as well as for rulers and officials. They provide guidelines on property rights—covering ownership, sale, and inheritance—and also prescribe punishments for crimes like assault, murder, and adultery. The Manusmriti further elaborates on the social roles of individuals, their conduct, and interrelationships within society.