Question

Who put forward "The Monitor Theory'?

• A. John Dewey
• B. Stephen Krashen
• C. Michael Halliday
• D. Edward Sapir

Answer 1

Answer:

B. Stephen Krashen

Key Points of The Monitor Theory:

• The Monitor Hypothesis is one of the five hypotheses in Stephen Krashen’s broader theory of second language acquisition.

• According to Krashen, there are two main types of language knowledge:

  1. Acquired knowledge: This is the subconscious, natural learning of a language, similar to how children learn their first language.

  2. Learned knowledge: This is more conscious knowledge of grammar and rules, which is learned through formal education or instruction.

• The Monitor: The "monitor" refers to the conscious knowledge of grammar rules, which a learner can use to monitor and correct their speech or writing. However, Krashen argued that the use of the monitor slows down communication and is less effective in real-time conversation, where the focus should be on fluency and meaning rather than on perfect grammar.

• Krashen's theory emphasizes that language acquisition (through natural exposure and interaction) is more important than explicit grammar learning.