Question

Consider the following statements regarding the characteristics of planning:

1. Planning is an all-pervasive function that is required only at the top level of management for setting organizational goals.
2. Planning is a goal-oriented process that sets the objective and provides a sense of direction to various activities within the organization.
3. Planning is an intellectual process that involves a synthesis of forecasts and requires judgmental and imaginative thinking, not mere guesswork.

• A. ii, iii
• B. All
• C. None of these
• D. ii only

Answer 1

Answer:

A. ii, iii

Planning is "all-pervasive" and "is needed at every level of management and everywhere in enterprise". While top management is involved in planning, it is not the only level.