Question

Fundamental Duties were added to the Indian Constitution by:

• A. 42nd Amendment
• B. 44th Amendment
• C. 52nd Amendment
• D. 61st Amendment

Answer 1

Answer:

A. 42nd Amendment

• The Fundamental Duties were incorporated into the Indian Constitution through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976.
• This amendment added Part IV-A to the Constitution, which contains only one article, Article 51A.
• The incorporation was based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee, which was constituted by the Congress party in 1976.
• Initially, 10 Fundamental Duties were added; however, an 11th duty (providing opportunities for education to children between 6 and 14 years) was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002.
• The concept of Fundamental Duties was inspired by the Constitution of the USSR (now Russia).
• These duties are non-justiciable in nature, meaning they are not directly enforceable by courts through writs, though Parliament can provide for their enforcement through legislation.
• The duties serve as a reminder to citizens that while they enjoy certain rights, they also have obligations towards the nation and society.