Question

The author of the book, 'Conditioned Reflexes':

• A. Stanley Hall
• B. McClelland
• C. Ian Pavlov
• D. B.F. Skinner

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Ian Pavlov

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) was a Russian physiologist and Nobel laureate who made significant contributions to psychology, including the discovery of classical conditioning and the development of behavior therapy: 

• Classical conditioning

  Pavlov's experiments with dogs in the 1890s demonstrated that a neutral stimulus, like a bell, could be associated with a positive stimulus, like food. This association, called a conditioned response, became the foundation of classical conditioning theory. 

• Behavior therapy

  Pavlov's work was central to the founding of behavior therapy in the 1950s. His discovery of "experimental neuroses" showed that conditioning and counterconditioning could be used to produce and eliminate them. 

• Behaviorism

  Pavlov's work contributed to the development of behaviorism, a school of psychology that holds that psychology should be studied through behavior. 

• Nobel Prize

  Pavlov won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904 for his work on digestive secretions. 

• Transmarginal inhibition

  Pavlov and his researchers studied the body's natural response to overwhelming stress or pain, called transmarginal inhibition (TMI).