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Which early management thinker is credited with applying techniques like production planning, quality control, cost control, and even market research in their engineering factory, demonstrating an early form of integrated management?

ACharles Babbage

BRobert Owen

CJames Watt Junior and Mathew Robinson Boulton

DHenry Robinson Towne

Answer:

C. James Watt Junior and Mathew Robinson Boulton

Read Explanation:

  • James Watt Junior and Mathew Robinson Boulton are noted for their advanced management techniques in their engineering factory. They applied specific methods such as production planning, standardization of components, elaborate statistical records, quality control, motion study, cost control, and even market research. This demonstrates a more integrated approach to management than their contemporaries. Charles Babbage focused on scientific and mathematical approaches and bonus systems. Robert Owen emphasized human relations and welfare. Henry Robinson Towne advocated for engineers and economists as managers.

Related Questions:

Consider the following statements regarding the evolution of management thought: Which of the statements is/are correct?

  1. The Human Relations Approach emerged as a direct extension and refinement of the Classical Theory, primarily focusing on improving the technical skills of workers.
  2. Pre-scientific management saw the application of management principles in ancient civilizations, but a formal theory of management became necessary only after the Industrial Revolution due to increased industrial complexity.
  3. The Modern Theory, or Systems Approach, views an organization as a closed system, emphasizing internal efficiency over external environmental adaptation.
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    Consider the following statements regarding the purpose of organization as per management theory:

    1. An organization is a group of people who cooperate with each other for achieving certain common objectives.
    2. The purpose of an organization is to create and produce something useful and desired by society.
    3. The purpose of an organization is solely to create a formal structure with a clear hierarchy and division of labor, irrespective of its output.

      Identify the correct statement(s) concerning Henry Fayol's 14 Principles of Management.

      1. Fayol's principle of 'Unity of Command' dictates that all employees should be working together toward a common objective under the guidance of a single plan.
      2. The 'Scalar Chain' refers to the formal chain of command or hierarchy that links all levels of the organization, from top to bottom, establishing clear lines of communication and authority.
      3. 'Esprit de corps' emphasizes the importance of job security and stability of employment for workers to become efficient.
      4. 'Remuneration' states that employees should receive fair pay and a combination of financial and non-financial rewards that serve as a strong incentive for good performance, avoiding exploitation.
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