AUse more skilled peers as teachers.
BEncourage collaborative learning strategy.
CConsider cultural context of learning.
DUse conditioning as a process of behaviour modification.
Answer:
D. Use conditioning as a process of behaviour modification.
Read Explanation:
Conditioning is the hallmark of Behaviorism (pioneered by psychologists like Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner), whereas Lev Vygotsky was a Social Constructivist.
Behaviorists believe learning is a mechanical response to environmental stimuli (Reward/Punishment). In contrast, Vygotsky believed learning is a conscious, social, and meaningful process. He viewed learners as active participants, not passive subjects to be "conditioned."
Use more skilled peers as teachers: This refers to Vygotsky's concept of the MKO (More Knowledgeable Other). He believed that anyone with a better understanding or higher ability level than the learner (a peer, teacher, or even a computer) can help the student learn.
Encourage collaborative learning strategy: Vygotsky emphasized that learning is a social process. Strategies like group work, peer tutoring, and reciprocal teaching are all rooted in his theory that we learn best through interaction with others.
Consider cultural context of learning: Vygotsky’s theory is called the Socio-Cultural Theory. He argued that culture provides the "tools" (language, signs, symbols) for thinking and that a child's development cannot be understood without looking at the cultural and social context in which they are raised.
Constructivism vs. Behaviorism
Feature | Vygotsky (Social Constructivism) | Behaviorism (Skinner/Pavlov) |
Learning Process | Social interaction and language. | Stimulus-Response (S-R) associations. |
Role of Student | Active constructor of knowledge. | Passive responder to stimuli. |
Key Concept | ZPD, MKO, Scaffolding. | Conditioning, Reinforcement. |