Question

Which one of the following statements about administration does not align with the concept of administration as a universal process?
i. Administration is a cooperative effort of a group of people in pursuit of a common objective.
ii. Administration occurs in diverse institutional settings, including public and private sectors.
iii. Administration is primarily the direction of people in association to achieve temporarily shared goals.
iv. Administration is exclusively the management of governmental affairs in a public setting.

• A. i only
• B. ii only
• C. iii only
• D. iv only

Answer 1

Answer:

D. iv only

• Administration is a universal process occurring in diverse institutional settings, including both public and private sectors, and involves cooperative efforts toward common or temporarily shared goals (options i, ii, and iii align with this). Option iv, however, restricts administration to governmental affairs, which contradicts the universal nature of administration as it excludes private administration, making it the odd one out.