Which of the following statements is/are correct about the 101st Constitutional Amendment (GST)?
(i) The 101st Amendment introduced Article 246A, granting concurrent powers to Parliament and State Legislatures to levy GST.
(ii) The 101st Amendment provides for compensation to States for revenue loss due to GST implementation for a period of five years.
(iii) The GST Bill was passed by the Lok Sabha before the Rajya Sabha.
Which of the following statements is/are correct about the 97th Constitutional Amendment?
(i) The 97th Amendment introduced Part IX-B, which includes Articles 243 ZH to 243 ZT, to regulate cooperative societies.
(ii) The board of a cooperative society can be superseded for a maximum period of six months if it commits acts prejudicial to the interests of its members.
(iii) Co-opted members of a cooperative society’s board have the right to vote in elections of office bearers.
Which among the following statements are not true with regard to the 106th Constitutional Amendment?
The 106th Amendment is also known as the Nari Shakti Vandana Adhiniyam.
The 106th Amendment provides for 33% reservation for women in the Lok Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, and Delhi Legislative Assembly.
The 106th Amendment was introduced in the Lok Sabha by Thawar Chand Gehlot.
The 106th Amendment received Presidential assent on 21 September 2023.
Consider the indigenous systems for water management in deserts. Which statement is accurate?
- The qanat system involves transporting water through underground tunnels.
- Qanats are common in North America.
- Water is transported uphill by gravity in a qanat.
- The system ensures equitable distribution and sustainable use through community management.
Which among the following statements are not true with regard to the 104th Constitutional Amendment?
The 104th Amendment extended reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Lok Sabha and State Legislatures until January 2030.
The 104th Amendment abolished reservations for Anglo-Indian representatives in the Lok Sabha and State Legislatures.
The 104th Amendment amended Article 338.
The 104th Amendment was introduced in the Lok Sabha by Ravi Shankar Prasad.
Which among the following statements are not true with regard to the 103rd Constitutional Amendment?
The 103rd Amendment provides for 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) in educational institutions and government appointments.
The 103rd Amendment amended Articles 15 and 16 to include provisions for EWS reservation.
The first state to implement the 10% EWS reservation was Kerala.
The 103rd Amendment came into force on 12 January 2019.
What are 'wadis' in the context of desert water sources?
- Channels that are dry except during the rainy season.
- A type of underground water storage system.
- Natural springs found within desert areas.
- Areas with permanent vegetation due to underground water.
Which among the following statements are not true with regard to the 101st Constitutional Amendment (GST)?
The 101st Amendment empowered both Parliament and State Legislatures to levy GST on intra-state transactions.
The GST Council was established under Article 279A.
The 101st Amendment repealed Article 268A.
The 101st Amendment came into force on 8 September 2016.
Identify the correct statements about exotic rivers.
- They originate in rainy areas beyond the desert's margins.
- The Nile in Egypt is an example of an exotic river.
- They are dry except during the rainy season.
- Their water source is typically within the desert itself.
Which among the following statements are not true with regard to the 97th Constitutional Amendment?
The 97th Amendment added the right to form cooperative societies as a fundamental right under Article 19(1)(c).
The maximum number of board members in a cooperative society, as per Article 243 ZJ, is 25.
The 97th Amendment came into force on 12 January 2012.
Article 43B promotes voluntary formation, democratic control, and professional management of cooperative societies.
Which of the following are permanent sources of water in a desert?
- Oasis
- Wadis
- Exotic rivers
- Artesian wells
What are the characteristics of desert flora?
- Desert plants are typically tall trees with broad leaves to maximize photosynthesis.
- Most desert plants are xerophytes, adapted to survive with minimal water.
- Vegetation is abundant in all deserts, regardless of location.
- Desert plants cannot withstand long periods of drought.
Consider the statement about the camel in desert ecosystems. Which option is correct?
- The camel is poorly adapted to desert life and struggles with heat and water scarcity.
- The camel is known as the 'Ship of the Desert' due to its excellent adaptations for survival in arid environments.
- Camels primarily obtain water by consuming large amounts of vegetation.
- Camels are small desert animals, often active during the day.
Which statements accurately describe desert vegetation?
- Desert vegetation is sparse and generally lacks adaptations for water conservation.
- Xerophytes are a common type of desert plant adapted to survive with minimal water.
- North American deserts typically have less vegetation compared to Asian deserts.
- The Saguaro cactus is an example of a plant that can grow to a significant height in desert environments.
Identify the characteristics of animals commonly found in desert environments.
- Most desert animals are large mammals like elephants and rhinoceroses.
- Many desert animals are nocturnal to avoid extreme daytime temperatures.
- Small desert animals like rats, lizards, snakes, spiders, and scorpions are common.
- Large desert animals are exclusively herbivores.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the flora and fauna found in desert ecosystems?
- Desert ecosystems are characterized by a lack of biodiversity due to harsh environmental conditions.
- Plants in deserts, known as xerophytes, are adapted to survive with minimal water and tolerate drought.
- The Saguaro cactus in the Sonoran desert is an example of a typically tall desert plant.
- Asian deserts generally support more vegetation than North American deserts.
Which of the following statements about agricultural productivity in desert regions is false?
- Regions like the Nile Valley, Imperial Valley, and Indus Valley are agriculturally productive due to irrigation.
- Desert soils are generally fertile and do not require special management practices.
- Vulnerability to salt build-up is a concern in irrigated desert agricultural areas.
- Water logging can be a problem in agricultural areas within desert regions.
Which of the following statements accurately describes desert soils?
- Desert soils are formed under humid conditions.
- Leaching is a significant process in the formation of desert soils due to the presence of abundant water.
- The lack of organic matter results in pale coloration, such as pale grey and pale red.
- Desert soils are generally infertile and cannot support crop production even with irrigation.
Consider the extreme temperature variations in deserts. Which of the following is a TRUE statement?
- Diurnal temperature ranges are minimal in sandy deserts.
- Clear skies and low humidity lead to low diurnal temperature ranges.
- Temperatures can exceed 50°C in some desert locations.
- Mean annual temperatures in hot deserts are typically below 20°C.
How does fog contribute to vegetation in coastal desert areas?
- Fog provides direct rainfall that supports plant life.
- Moisture from fog drip is adequate for supporting vegetation on coastal hills.
- Fog reduces soil temperature, promoting plant growth.
- Fog increases soil salinity, which benefits certain desert plants.
What is a common climatic phenomenon observed in the coastal regions of deserts like the Atacama and Kalahari?
- Frequent thunderstorms are a regular occurrence.
- Heavy snowfall is common during winter months.
- Mists and fog are frequently observed.
- High levels of rainfall are typical.
Which statement best describes the precipitation patterns in the Atacama Desert?
- The Atacama Desert receives regular and significant rainfall throughout the year.
- Some weather stations in the Atacama Desert have never recorded any rainfall.
- Rainfall is common in the Atacama Desert, especially during the summer months.
- The Atacama Desert experiences high levels of precipitation due to its proximity to the ocean.
Identify the correct statements regarding the climatic conditions in desert environments.
- Extremely high temperatures, exceeding 50°C, have been recorded in specific desert locations like Death Valley.
- Low diurnal and annual temperature ranges are a common feature of desert climates.
- Hot, dry winds like the sirocco can exacerbate desert conditions by moving sand.
- High humidity levels are typical in most desert regions.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the climate of hot deserts?
- Hot deserts typically experience mean annual temperatures below 20°C.
- Daytime summer temperatures in hot deserts frequently exceed 40°C.
- Clear skies and low humidity contribute to minimal diurnal temperature variations.
- Sandy deserts generally exhibit smaller diurnal temperature ranges compared to rocky deserts.
Which of the following factors contributes to the formation of deserts?
- Descending air in subtropical high-pressure belts.
- The leeward side of mountain ranges (rain shadow effect).
- Inland location away from oceanic moisture sources.
- The presence of warm ocean currents offshore.
Identify the primary atmospheric circulation pattern associated with the location of large hot deserts.
- The Hadley Cell dominates atmospheric circulation in tropical areas.
- Large hot deserts are typically found under the descending limb of the Hadley Cell.
- The ascending limb of the Hadley Cell, which brings rainfall, is characteristic of desert regions.
- The Ferrel Cell is the primary driver of desert formation in tropical latitudes.
റീഡിങ് ലെൻസിലൂടെ സൂര്യപ്രകാശം പേപ്പറിൽ പതിപ്പിച്ചാൽ ഉണ്ടാകുന്ന മാറ്റങ്ങളാണ് ചുവടെ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്നത്. ഇതുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ശരിയായ പ്രസ്താവനകൾ തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കുക?
- പേപ്പറിൽ നിന്ന് ഒരു പ്രത്യേക അകലത്തിൽ ലെൻസ് പിടിക്കുമ്പോൾ, പ്രകാശഖണ്ഡത്തിന്റെ വലുപ്പം കുറയുന്നു.
- പേപ്പറിൽ നിന്ന് ഒരു പ്രത്യേക അകലത്തിൽ ലെൻസ് പിടിക്കുമ്പോൾ, പ്രകാശഖണ്ഡത്തിന്റെ വലിപ്പം കൂടുന്നു.
- ആ ഭാഗത്ത് പ്രകാശതീവ്രത കൂടുതലായിരിക്കും.
- അതേ അകലത്തിൽ ലെൻസ് കൂടുതൽ നേരം പിടിച്ചാൽ, കടലാസ് പുകയുകയും, തീ കത്തുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു.
What role do cold ocean currents play in desert formation?
- Cold ocean currents cool the air above them, leading to suppression of rainfall.
- The Benguela Current is associated with the formation of the Kalahari Desert.
- The Humboldt Current contributes to the arid conditions of the Atacama Desert.
- Cold ocean currents increase humidity and promote heavy rainfall along coastlines.
How does the interior location of continents influence desert formation?
- Being far from oceans, continental interiors receive less moisture from maritime air masses.
- The Gobi Desert's formation is partly attributed to its inland location.
- Interior continental locations always guarantee lush vegetation due to the absence of coastal influences.
- Moisture from oceans can easily penetrate deep into the interior of large continents to sustain rainfall.
What is the 'rain shadow effect' and how does it contribute to desert formation?
- The rain shadow effect occurs when mountains block moisture-laden winds from reaching the leeward side.
- As winds rise over mountains, they cool and release precipitation on the windward side, leaving the leeward side dry.
- The Sonoran Desert in North America is an example of a desert formed primarily by the rain shadow effect.
- The rain shadow effect is caused by cold ocean currents.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the formation of hot deserts?
- Large hot deserts like the Sahara and Arabian deserts are found in the trade wind belt near sub-tropical high-pressure belts.
- These deserts are located under the ascending limb of the Hadley Cell, leading to increased condensation and precipitation.
- The descending limb of the Hadley Cell, which causes air to warm adiabatically and inhibits precipitation, is a key factor in their formation.
- Hot deserts are primarily formed due to extreme volcanic activity.