Statement I: Public organizations are purely profit-driven.
Statement II: Non-profit organizations serve social goals without profit motives.
Statement I: Organizational change is often resisted due to uncertainty.
Statement II: Change management includes strategies to minimize resistance.
Statement I: Authority flows upwards, while responsibility flows downward.
Statement II: Delegation involves assigning responsibility and authority. Answer: B Explanation:
Statement I: Agile management encourages flexibility and responsiveness.
Statement II: It is unsuitable for technology-based environments.
Statement I: Leadership styles do not affect organizational culture.
Statement II: Transformational leaders promote innovation. Answer: B Explanation:
Statement I: MIS improves decision-making by providing timely information.
Statement II: It replaces the need for managerial judgement.
Statement I: TQM promotes short-term goals over long-term strategies.
Statement II: TQM emphasizes continuous quality improvement.
Statement I: Contingency theory promotes a one-size-fits-all model.
Statement II: It suggests that structure and strategy should align with the environment.
Statement I: Span of control refers to time taken to complete tasks.
Statement II: It is actually the number of subordinates a supervisor can manage effectively.
Statement I: Accountability is integral to good governance.
Statement II: Transparency strengthens administrative accountability.
Statement I: Accountability is integral to good governance.
Statement II: Transparency strengthens administrative accountability.
Statement I: Leadership and management have identical functions.
Statement II: Leaders inspire people, managers coordinate resources.
Statement I: Behavioral theory ignores individual needs.
Statement II: It emerged as a response to the limitations of classical theory.
Statement I: Chester Barnard introduced the theory of authority and the zone of indifference.
Statement II: He believed in informal cooperation within organizations.
Statement I: Bureaucracy ensures personal discretion in administration.
Statement II: Weber's bureaucracy stresses impersonal rules and hierarchy.
Statement I: Fayol's principles apply only to industrial organizations.
Statement II: His principles like division of work and unity of direction are universal.