Question

Consider the following statements regarding the evolution of management thought:

1. The roots of management can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where people lived and worked in groups.
2. The Industrial Revolution significantly reduced the need for a formal, systematic theory of management.
3. The Neo-classical theory, also known as the Behavioral Approach, emphasized a rigid, hierarchical structure with clear rules and procedures.
4. Modern management theory views the organization as a complex, interconnected system.

• A. i
• B. i, ii
• C. iv
• D. i, iv

Answer 1

Answer:

D. i, iv

• The evolution of management thought is a journey from informal practices to highly systematic theories.

• Its origins are indeed found in ancient organizational structures, from the military to religious institutions, where coordinated efforts were essential.

• The Industrial Revolution, far from reducing, intensified the demand for formal management theories due to increasing industrial complexity, larger workforces, and the need for greater efficiency.

• The Neo-classical or Behavioral Approach, emerging in the early 20th century, shifted focus towards human factors, motivation, and social dynamics, differentiating itself from the earlier

• Classical theories like Max Weber's Bureaucratic Approach, which emphasized strict rules and hierarchy.

• The Modern Theory, particularly the Systems Approach, provides a holistic view, treating organizations as integrated systems interacting with their external environment, recognizing the interdependencies of various organizational components.