Challenger Logo

Challenger App

Get it on Google PlayGet it on App Store
Challenger App

No.1 PSC Learning App

★
★
★
★
★
1M+ Downloads
Get App

Which of the following statements accurately reflects a difference between the Pre-scientific Management period and the Classical Theory? Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  1. The Pre-scientific period saw no application of management techniques, whereas the Classical Theory was the first to implement them.
  2. Robert Owen, a figure from the Pre-scientific period, introduced welfare measures, which foreshadowed the focus on human relations in the Neo-classical Theory.
  3. The Pre-scientific period was characterized by a systematic and data-driven approach to management, unlike the Classical Theory which was based on broad administrative principles.

    ANone of these

    Bii only

    CAll

    Dii, iii

    Answer:

    B. ii only

    Read Explanation:

    • Management techniques were applied in ancient civilizations and in the early industrial factories of James Watt Junior, during the Pre-scientific period. The Classical Theory then formalized these ideas.

    • The Classical Theory, particularly Taylor's Scientific Management, was the first to introduce a systematic, scientific, and data-driven approach to management. The Pre-scientific period, while having some notable applications, lacked a formal, systematic theory.

    Related Questions:

    Consider the following statements regarding the distinction between management and administration based on the provided text: Which of the above statements is/are correct?

    1. Management is a "doing function" primarily concerned with implementing policies, while administration is a "decision-making function" that formulates objectives and policies
    2. Administration is applicable to profit-making organizations, whereas management is more concerned with non-profit organizations like clubs or government departments.
    3. The skill required for administration is primarily conceptual and human skills, while management relies on technical and human skills.

      Identify the correct statements regarding the contributions of James Watt Jr. and Mathew Robinson Boulton at their Soho engineering factory:

      1. They focused primarily on traditional, customary management ideas.
      2. They were pioneers in implementing production planning and standardization of components.
      3. They developed schemes for executive development and provided welfare for personnel.
      4. Their contributions included elaborate statistical records and planned machine layouts.

        Which of the following practices were advocated by Charles Babbage in his approach to management?

        1. He strongly believed that manufacturers should rely on opinions and guesswork for business decisions.
        2. He championed the application of scientific and mathematical methods to solve business problems.
        3. He suggested the use of time studies to determine how many times each task is performed per hour.
        4. He advocated for incentive pay proportional to individual efficiency and business success.

          Frederick Winslow Taylor's scientific management proposed several core principles. Which of the following accurately represents one of his principles?

          1. Taylor advocated for 'Rule of thumb, not science' in management decisions to allow for greater flexibility.
          2. One of his fundamental principles was 'Co-operation, not individualism,' emphasizing mutual effort and teamwork between management and labor.
          3. He believed in 'Restricted output, in place of maximum output' to prevent worker burnout and ensure job security.
          4. The 'mental revolution' primarily meant workers competing fiercely to maximize their individual wages, rather than cooperating.

            Consider the contributions of early management thinkers to the field.

            1. Robert Owen, a social reformer, is credited with emphasizing the human relations aspect of management by introducing welfare measures in his factories.
            2. Henry Robinson Towne argued that management was an exact science and urged manufacturers to apply scientific and mathematical methods instead of opinions.
            3. Charles Babbage is noted for introducing the differential piece-rate system, where workers were paid based on their efficiency, an idea later refined by F.W. Taylor.