Consider the following statements about India's ranking in the Human Development Index (HDI) for 2025. Which one is correct?

1. India is ranked 130th on the Human Development Index (HDI) in the 2025 report.
2. India's ranking places it among the top 100 countries globally in human development.
3. The Human Development Index primarily evaluates countries based on their military strength.
4. India's HDI value is higher than that of Iceland.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Human Development Report (HDR) 2025?

1. The HDR 2025 is titled 'A Matter of Choice: People and Possibilities in the Age of AI'.
2. The report's primary focus is on the historical impact of industrial revolutions on global economies.
3. Artificial Intelligence's critical role in shaping the next chapter of human development is a key highlight of the 2025 HDR.

Which of the following statements about the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Kerala Model is/are correct?

1. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a widely recognized and influential index used to measure human development across countries.
2. The HDI has significantly contributed to the international recognition of the Kerala Model of development.
3. Kerala's performance in the HDI has been inconsistent over the years, showing considerable fluctuations.

Kerala's high PQLI is attributed to a unique development experience with heavy emphasis on which two sectors?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three indices used to calculate PQLI?

In the PQLI, what does a score of 'Zero' indicate?

PQLI is composed of indices that are ranked from:

The Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) is a composite of how many indices?

Who put forward the concept of the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)?

What advantages does Kerala offer that make it a center point for investors?

What percentage of the national IT pool is contributed by skilled human resources from Kerala?

Which sector has emerged as Kerala's core competency and contributes significantly to the State's GDP?

According to a World Bank policy research working paper, what is Kerala's rank in the Investment Climate Index?

How many international airports does Kerala have?

Kerala is described as one of India's most globalized states with a high dependence on which sectors?

Which of the following statements is true regarding social welfare in Kerala?

Why is Kerala dubbed the "Kerala Phenomenon" or "Kerala Model" of development?

What distinguished the first half of the 1990s in Kerala's economic history?

1. It recorded the highest annual average growth rate in Kerala's history.
2. The primary sector's growth rate was significantly higher than the tertiary sector's.
3. Both the secondary and tertiary sectors achieved record growth rates.
4. It was a period primarily characterized by a severe economic recession.

What attempts were made to promote private investment in Kerala during the Third Phase of its economic development?

1. Attempts were made to promote private investment in the industry sector.
2. Efforts were concentrated on promoting private investment solely in the agricultural sector.
3. Private investment was encouraged in electricity generation.
4. The tourism sector was also a focus for promoting private investment.

Consider the following statements regarding Kerala's economic performance during the first half of the 1990s:

1. Kerala's economy achieved an annual average growth of 6.76 percent during this period.
2. This growth rate was the highest in Kerala's history up to that point.
3. The primary sector witnessed the highest growth rate during this period.

Which of the following statements accurately describe the key influencing factors of Kerala's economic development during its Third Phase (1991 onwards)?

1. The economic reforms implemented by the Government of India since 1991 significantly influenced this phase.
2. Decrease in public expenditure and investment was a major factor during this period.
3. The substantial increase in migration and the flow of remittances played a crucial role.
4. State policies had no discernible impact on this phase.

Which of the following statements correctly highlights the impact of migration on Kerala's labor market?

1. Migration led to an increase in unemployment rates.
2. It resulted in a reduction of unemployment.
3. There was a significant surplus of construction workers in the state.
4. It led to a shortage of construction workers.

Which of the following statements correctly describe the economic changes brought about by large-scale migration and flow of remittances to Kerala?

1. It led to an unprecedented economic downturn in Kerala.
2. It resulted in unprecedented economic change in Kerala.
3. The changes were primarily limited to the agricultural sector.
4. Widespread changes occurred in the labour market, consumption, savings, and investment.

Prior to the widespread migration to Gulf countries, what were the primary factors influencing economic activities in Kerala?

1. Foreign direct investment and export-oriented industries.
2. Public expenditure and investment of the small savings of the people.
3. Large-scale agricultural exports and tourism.

What major factor initiated rapid changes in Kerala's economic state during the second phase of development (1976-1991)?

1. Large-scale industrialization policies implemented by the state government.
2. The migration of Keralites to Gulf countries for employment.
3. Significant increase in domestic public expenditure and investment of small savings.

Which of the following statements accurately describe the economic condition of Kerala during the second phase of development (1976-1991)?

1. Kerala's economy was highly developed with low poverty rates.
2. The state experienced high incidence of poverty and unemployment.
3. Growth rates in all sectors were higher than the national average during the 1970s and 80s.
4. The economy remained very backward during this period.

According to the Economic Survey of 1956, which of the following statements about unemployment in Kerala is accurate?

1. The estimated unemployment rate was 13 percent.
2. The total number of unemployed individuals was estimated to be 6.6 lakhs.
3. Unemployment was negligible, indicating a robust job market.

Identify the primary socio-economic problems faced by Kerala as a newly formed state.

1. A high incidence of unemployment.
2. Massive proportion of people below the poverty line.
3. A severe shortage of skilled labor in all sectors.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the industrial landscape of Kerala during its early development phase?

1. The state was predominantly characterized by traditional and labor-intensive industries.
2. Modern, capital-intensive heavy industries formed the backbone of Kerala's industrial sector.
3. Key traditional industries included coir, cashew, and handloom.

Consider the state of electricity infrastructure in Kerala in 1956.

1. The total installed electricity capacity in Kerala in 1956 was 89.8 MW.
2. Electricity distribution was limited to only 846 places across the state.
3. Kerala had achieved full electrification of all its villages by 1956.

Regarding the challenges in Kerala's agricultural sector during the first phase of development, which of the following statements is incorrect?

1. Kerala primarily adopted modern farming techniques, leading to high productivity levels.
2. Major agricultural products were often sold as raw materials in both domestic and foreign markets.
3. A large number of farmers possessed very small or marginal landholdings, making farming uneconomical.
4. The primary sector experienced negative income growth during the 1970s.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the economic trend in Kerala during the period 1955-56 to 1965-66?

1. The Kerala economy experienced a significant slowdown during this decade.
2. There was a strong growth observed in all sectors of the economy.
3. The period was characterized by rapid industrialization and agricultural prosperity.

Which of the following statements about the phases of economic development in Kerala are correct?

1. The economic development of Kerala over the last sixty years is classified into three distinct phases.
2. The first phase of Kerala's economic development is identified as the period between 1976 and 1991.
3. The third phase of Kerala's economic development began after 1991.
4. The period from 1956 to 1975 constitutes the initial phase of economic development in Kerala.

How did Kerala's position in terms of per capita income and share of industry compare to the national average in 1950-51 and 1955-56?

What was the result of large capital investment in industries and the plantation sector in pre-independence Kerala?

Which crops were cultivated under the plantation system, often initiated by Europeans in forest and hilly areas?

What served as the pivot for social development in erstwhile Travancore and Cochin?

What was a major source of State Domestic Product in Kerala, facilitated by historic contact with Arabs?

Which group of people first came to Kerala primarily as traders?

Which Pakistani economist is credited with changing the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies and producing the Human Development Report (HDRs)?

In which decade did the Centre for Development Studies at Thiruvananthapuram, with UN assistance, conduct a case study that contributed to the concept of the 'Kerala Model'?

The Kerala Model of Development primarily stresses the creation of which type of infrastructure?

Which prestigious civilian award was K. N. Raj awarded in 2000?

What was the primary purpose of establishing The Centre of Science and Technology for Rural Development (COST FORT)?

With whom did K. N. Raj co-found The Centre of Science and Technology for Rural Development (COST FORT)?

K. N. Raj's work for the United Nations helped shape which significant development model?

In which city did K. N. Raj establish the Centre for Development Studies (CDS)?

At what age was K. N. Raj invited by Jawaharlal Nehru to draft India's first Five Year Plan?

Who invited K. N. Raj to draft India's first Five Year Plan?

What significant contribution did K. N. Raj make during his time at the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)?