Assertion (A): Behavioral theory is interdisciplinary, drawing from sociology and psychology to study actual organizational behavior.
Reason (R): It rejects quantification and systematization, favoring normative prescriptions over empirical verification.
Assertion (A): Classical theory treats administration as a universal science applicable across all organizational contexts.
Reason (R): Fayol's principles, such as centralization, are flexible and adaptable to varying conditions, ensuring positivism and universalism.
Column I (Thinkers)
Chris Argyris
Douglas McGregor
Elton Mayo
Herbert Simon
Column II (Theories)
A. Human Relations Movement
B. Theory X and Theory Y
C. Immaturity-Maturity Theory
D. Administrative Behaviour
Column I (Principles)
Unity of command
Scalar chain
Esprit de corps
Equity
Column II (Descriptions)
A. Line of authority and hierarchical order
B. Fairness and kindness in treatment
C. Harmony and unity among personnel
D. One superior per employee
Column I (Thinkers)
Henry Fayol
Luther Gulick
Lyndall Urwick
J.D. Mooney
Column II (Contributions)
A. POSDCORB framework
B. Fourteen principles of administration
C. Span of control principle (5-6 subordinates)
D. Scalar process and coordination as primary principle
Consider the following statements about Simon's categories of administrative behavior research:
One category focuses on Weberian bureaucracy, while another examines human relations for job satisfaction and productivity.
The Barnard-Simon model explains organizational equilibrium via interrelationships of participant motivations for survival and growth.
Decision-making research emphasizes rational components but overlooks cognitive processes in administrative behavior.
Consider the following statements per Smithburg's analysis of behavioralism:
It views administration as a social system, balancing formal and informal relationships, with emphasis on informal communication.
Behavioral approach replaces sovereignty theory with legitimacy, analyzing why individuals obey orders through leadership and motivation.
It prioritizes individual personality aspects over rational structures, but ignores cognitive processes in decision-making.
Consider the following statements on the features and premises of behavioral theory:
It is descriptive and empirical, focusing on actual organizational behavior through interdisciplinary methods from sociology and psychology.
David Easton's premises include regularities for prediction, verification via empirical testing, and value neutrality separating facts from ethics.
Behavioralism emphasizes provincial approaches, limiting explanations to specific organizational contexts unlike classical universalism.