Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the differences between public and private sector organisations?
i. Public sector jobs are more stable due to low risk of termination for non-performance.
ii. Private sector promotions are primarily based on seniority.
iii. Public sector capital is sourced from taxes and government bonds.
iv. Private sector organisations operate in industries opened up by the New Economic Policy of 1991.
Which of the following statements is/are correct about non-profit organisations (NPOs)?
i. NPOs are legally recognized as tax-exempt entities in India.
ii. They distribute excess profits to shareholders or members.
iii. They are expected to operate independently from the government.
iv. Their primary objective is to serve public or social purposes.
Which of the following statements is/are correct about private sector organisations?
i. They can raise capital through loans, shares, and debentures.
ii. They are completely free from government regulations.
iii. They focus on customer needs to ensure long-term survival.
iv. They include entities like sole proprietorships, partnerships, and multinational corporations.
Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding public sector organisations?
i. Public sector organisations are always fully owned by the government.
ii. They provide employment benefits such as job security, housing, and retirement benefits.
iii. Their primary aim is to serve the general public rather than generate profits.
iv. They operate in areas such as information technology and pharmaceuticals.
Assertion (A): Public sector organisations provide greater job stability compared to private sector organisations.
Reason (R): Public sector organisations base promotions on seniority, which reduces the risk of termination due to non-performance.
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Assertion (A): The introduction of the New Economic Policy in 1991 led to significant growth in the Indian economy due to increased private sector participation.
Reason (R): The New Economic Policy allowed private sector organisations to operate in industries previously reserved for the public sector.
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Assertion (A): Non-profit organisations (NPOs) in India are exempt from paying taxes and utilize their funds for developmental activities rather than distributing profits to shareholders.
Reason (R): Non-profit organisations are primarily established to earn profits and distribute them among their members.
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Assertion (A): Private sector organisations are more likely to offer higher salary packages and better incentives compared to public sector organisations.
Reason (R): Private sector organisations operate in a competitive environment and base promotions on merit and job performance.
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Assertion (A): Public sector organisations primarily focus on providing goods and services to the general public at relatively lower costs compared to private sector organisations.
Reason (R): The capital for public sector organisations is primarily sourced from tax collections, excise duties, and government-issued bonds.
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Which of the following statements comprehensively summarizes the definition of a disaster as per the Disaster Management Act, 2005?
- A disaster is a serious event caused solely by natural factors, leading only to property damage.
- A disaster is a catastrophe from natural or human-made causes, resulting in significant loss of life, suffering, property damage, or environmental degradation, whose scale overwhelms the affected community's coping ability.
- A disaster is any minor incident that causes slight inconvenience to a specific area.
According to the Disaster Management Act, 2005, what is a crucial characteristic that defines a disaster in relation to the affected community?
- Its nature or scale is such that it always results in international aid.
- Its nature or scale is such that it exceeds the affected community's ability to cope.
- It is defined only by the number of fatalities, regardless of coping ability.
- The community must be fully self-sufficient to prevent it from being classified as a disaster.
In the context of the Disaster Management Act, 2005, which statements accurately describe the outcomes of a disaster related to property and environment?
- Disasters lead to damage or destruction of property.
- Harm to or degradation of the environment is an outcome.
- The definition solely focuses on human casualties, not property or environmental damage.
- Only permanent damage, not temporary harm, is considered.
Which of the following is an incorrect outcome of a disaster as defined by the Disaster Management Act, 2005, concerning human impact?
- Significant loss of life is an outcome.
- Human suffering is a recognized outcome.
- The act specifies that only physical injuries, not psychological suffering, are considered.
- It explicitly mentions significant loss of life or human suffering.
According to the Disaster Management Act, 2005, which of the following are recognized causes of a disaster?
- Disasters can only originate from natural phenomena.
- Human-made causes are explicitly excluded from the definition.
- Disasters can originate from natural or human-made causes, accidents, or negligence.
- Only catastrophic events are considered; minor mishaps are not.
Which of the following best describes the core terms used to define a disaster according to the Disaster Management Act, 2005?
- It is described as a minor inconvenience or a trivial incident.
- It includes a catastrophe, mishap, calamity, or serious event.
- The act focuses only on natural disasters, excluding human-made ones.
Regarding the ancient beliefs connected with the term 'disaster', which statement is true?
- Ancient cultures primarily attributed disasters to divine punishment from gods.
- The term 'désastre' reflects an ancient belief in celestial influence on unfortunate events.
- The ancient belief implied that human actions solely caused all disasters.
Which of the following statements about the origin of the term 'disaster' is correct?
- The term 'disaster' originates from a Greek word meaning 'great catastrophe'.
- It comes from the French word 'désastre'.
- 'Désastre' is a blend of 'dés' (bad) and 'astre' (star).
- The literal translation of 'désastre' is 'good fortune'.