If both State and Parliamentary law on a subject are repugnant under Articles 249 or 250, what happens?

What is the trigger for Parliament’s power to legislate on the State List under Article 250?

When can Parliament make laws on matters in the State List under Article 249?

The concept that allows a State law to operate outside its territory in some cases is called:

The key constitutional difference regarding extra-territorial law-making powers is:

Which Article of the Indian Constitution states that no law made by Parliament shall be deemed invalid for having extra-territorial operation?

Can State Legislatures make laws that have effect outside their territory?

Consider the evolution and impact of sound in movies. Which statements are accurate?

1. The commercial viability of synchronized sound films ('talkies') was established in the mid- to late 1920s, with 'The Jazz Singer' (1927) being a landmark film.
2. Early sound-on-disc systems like Vitaphone offered superior synchronization and quality compared to later sound-on-film technologies.
3. In India, the introduction of sound was a catalyst for the rapid expansion of its film industry.
4. The primary challenges for early sound films included synchronization, sufficient playback volume, and recording fidelity.

Regarding color in movies, identify the correct statements.

1. Early color cinematography systems, like Kinemacolor, used black-and-white film to photograph and project images through different color filters.
2. Film tinting involved dyeing the entire filmstrip or film base to give the image a uniform monochromatic color.
3. The widespread adoption of color film was primarily driven by the advent of digital filmmaking in the late 20th century.
4. Eastmancolor, introduced in 1950, was significant because it was an economical, single-strip color process.

What are the key characteristics of continuity editing?

1. Continuity editing is the predominant style in narrative filmmaking, aiming to establish logical coherence between shots.
2. It emphasizes smooth transitions of time and space, making the editing process seamless for the viewer.
3. Match cuts are a technique used in continuity editing to create a strong visual link and continuity of action between two shots.
4. Continuity editing aims to deliberately disorient the viewer and encourage subliminal interpretation.

Identify the correct statements about montage sequences in film.

1. Montage, derived from the French word for 'to assemble,' refers to a film's editing system or rhythm.
2. Montage sequences typically condense space, time, and information through a series of short shots.
3. Introduced by filmmakers like Eisenstein, montage primarily focuses on creating symbolic meaning through the collision of images.
4. In French cinema, 'montage' simply denotes the entire process of film editing.

Which of the following statements accurately characterize film editing?

1. Film editing is the art and technique of assembling shots into a coherent sequence to create a finished motion picture.
2. Editing is solely a technical process of cutting and splicing film, with no creative input.
3. Continuity editing aims to create a smooth and logical flow between shots, minimizing the awareness of cuts.
4. Jump cuts, where there is a mismatch between spliced shots, are always considered errors in editing.

Analyze the statements regarding camera angles and their effects.

1. A high-angle shot, looking down at the subject, can make them appear vulnerable or insignificant.
2. A low-angle shot, pointing upwards, typically makes the subject seem grand or threatening.
3. A Dutch angle, where the camera is tilted, is used to create a sense of stability and order.
4. An eye-level shot provides a neutral perspective, mimicking how we see people in real life.

Which of the following statements accurately describe different types of shots in filmmaking?

1. A close-up shot tightly frames a person or object, emphasizing detail and often used to convey emotion.
2. A medium shot typically shows the entire human figure from head to toe.
3. A long shot, also known as a wide shot or establishing shot, shows the subject in relation to its surroundings and can set the scene.
4. An extreme long shot is used to capture subtle facial expressions.

What defines 'Deep Focus' in cinematography?

1. Deep focus is a technique where both near and distant objects in the frame are in sharp focus simultaneously.
2. It is achieved by using a wide aperture and low light conditions.
3. Deep focus allows filmmakers to place significant elements in different planes of the image, a concept often associated with 'deep space' staging.
4. The opposite of deep focus is a 'long shot', which emphasizes distant objects.

Regarding the 'long take' in filmmaking, identify the correct statements.

1. A long take is an uninterrupted shot of significant duration, often lasting several minutes.
2. Long takes were initially an aesthetic choice driven by the desire for realism.
3. Filmmakers like Jean Renoir and Orson Welles are often cited for their use of long takes and deep focus.
4. The term 'long take' is primarily used to describe the framing of a shot, similar to a 'long shot'.

Consider the elements that constitute Mise-en-scène. Which of the following are key components?

1. The arrangement of actors, objects, and space within the frame (composition).
2. The specific editing pace and transitions between shots (editing rhythm).
3. The overall visual style, including set design, lighting, and costumes.
4. The choice of camera lenses and aperture settings.

Which of the following statements accurately describes Mise-en-scène in filmmaking?

1. Mise-en-scène is a French term literally meaning 'put in the scene' and encompasses elements like framing, lighting, set design, and character movement.
2. Mise-en-scène primarily focuses on the editing techniques used to assemble a film.
3. It is a term used to describe the sound design and dialogue synchronization in a film.
4. Mise-en-scène refers to the overall visual theme and storytelling through visual elements in a production.

Under Article 245(1) of the Indian Constitution, Parliament can make laws for:

Who is described as the "metteur en scene" in French film credits?

According to the text, what does "Mise-en-scène" refer to in the context of filmmaking?

What is the literal translation of the French term "Mise en scène"?

How many levels can we study center-state relations ?

Which of the following statements about the CAG’s independence is/are not correct?
i. The CAG’s salary and service conditions can be altered to his/her disadvantage after appointment.
ii. The CAG is eligible for further office under the Government of India after ceasing to hold office.
iii. The administrative expenses of the CAG’s office are subject to the vote of Parliament.

The rise of the novel in the later 18th and earlier 19th centuries saw an increasing interest in the individual's subjective experience and emotional life. This contributed to the popularity of:

Ann Radcliffe's Gothic novels are often characterized by a focus on atmosphere, suspense, and the psychological state of the heroine. This style is sometimes referred to as:

Which poet, known for his "Lyrical Ballads" with William Wordsworth, also penned the novella "The Vampyre" (1819), popularizing the vampire figure in literature?

The epistolary novel form, popular in the 18th century, allowed for the direct expression of a character's inner thoughts and feelings. Which of these early 19th-century novels uses this form?

Which novel by Sir Walter Scott is considered a seminal work in the historical novel genre, set during the Jacobite rising of 1745?

Which of the following statements about the CAG’s duties is/are not correct?
i. The CAG audits the accounts of all local bodies without requiring a request from the President or Governor.
ii. The CAG compiles and maintains the accounts of both the Central and state governments.
iii. The CAG acts as a guide, friend, and philosopher to the Public Accounts Committee of Parliament.

The "Newgate Novel" genre, popular in the early 19th century, primarily focused on:

Which early 19th-century novel explores themes of forbidden knowledge and the dangers of scientific ambition, often considered a precursor to science fiction?

There is no division of judicial power between the Centre and the States because:

What literary movement, characterized by emotion, individualism, and the glorification of the past, heavily influenced the development of the Gothic novel?

In which of Ann Radcliffe's novels does the heroine Emily St. Aubert find herself imprisoned in a remote castle?

Which author is known for pioneering the Gothic novel with "The Castle of Otranto"?

Which of the following statements about the CAG is/are not correct?
i. The CAG is considered one of the bulwarks of the democratic system, alongside the Supreme Court, Election Commission, and UPSC.
ii. The CAG’s salary is equivalent to that of the Chief Justice of India.
iii. The CAG submits audit reports on state accounts to the President of India.

Which novel, published in 1796, caused a scandal for its depiction of religious hypocrisy and supernatural occurrences?

Who is vested with the residuary powers of legislation in the Indian Constitution?

Which of the following statements about the CAG’s powers and limitations is/are correct?
i. The CAG can inspect any office or department subject to his/her audit and call for any records or documents.
ii. The CAG has the authority to audit secret service expenditure without requiring a certificate from the competent authority.
iii. The CAG decides the extent and manner of the audit.
iv. The CAG certifies the net proceeds of any tax or duty, and this certificate is final.

The epistolary novel, popular in the 18th century, continued to influence early 19th-century fiction by allowing for:

Which of the following statements regarding the CAG’s audit reports is/are correct?
i. The CAG submits three audit reports: appropriation accounts, finance accounts, and public undertakings.
ii. The CAG’s audit reports on state accounts are submitted to the President, who presents them to the state legislature.
iii. The Public Accounts Committee examines the CAG’s appropriation and finance audit reports, while the Committee on Public Undertakings examines the public undertakings report.
iv. No minister can represent the CAG in Parliament for the audit reports.

The distribution of Legislative powers between the Centre and the States in the Constitution is provided in:

Which of the following novels, published in the early 19th century, exemplifies the 'Newgate novel' genre, focusing on the lives and exploits of criminals?

Which of the following statements about the duties of the CAG is/are correct?
i. The CAG audits all expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India, Consolidated Fund of each state, Contingency Fund of India and of each state, and the Public Accounts.
ii. The CAG audits the accounts of government companies as per the Companies Act.
iii. The CAG compiles and maintains the accounts of the Central Government.
iv. The CAG advises the President on the form in which the accounts of the Centre and states should be kept.

In which Part of the Indian Constitution are the legislative relations between the Centre and States given?

The rise of the novel in the later 18th century was significantly influenced by a growing middle class and an increasing emphasis on:

Which author is credited with popularizing the 'Byronic hero' archetype in Gothic literature?

The novel 'Frankenstein' by Mary Shelley can be seen as an early example of which genre, in addition to being Gothic?

Ann Radcliffe's novels, such as 'The Mysteries of Udolpho,' often employed a literary device where seemingly supernatural events are eventually explained rationally. What is this device called?