Consider the following statements regarding Fayol's Elements of Administration:

I. According to Fayol, elements include Planning (foresee and plan), Organizing (build material and human structure), Commanding (maintain activity among personnel).

II. Other elements are Coordinating (bind together and harmonize efforts) and Controlling (ensure conformity with rules and expressed command), forming POC CC.

III. Fayol emphasized that technical ability is required at higher levels of the organization, with administrative ability predominant at lower levels.

Consider the following statements regarding Activities of an Industrial Undertaking by Fayol:

I. Fayol divided activities into six groups: technical (production, manufacture), commercial (buying, selling), financial (capital search and optimum use).

II. Other groups include security (property and personnel protection), accounting (stock-taking, balance sheet, costs, statistics).

III. Managerial activities (planning, organization, command, coordination, control) are excluded from Fayol's classification.

Consider the following statements regarding Contributions of Henry Fayol:

I. Fayol, the French engineer, is regarded as the father of classical theory; his "General and Industrial Management" was first published in France in 1916.

II. He did not distinguish between public and private administration, stating there is only one administrative science applicable to both.

III. Fayol's theory exclusively focused on public sector undertakings, ignoring industrial applications.

Consider the following statements regarding Bases of Departmentalization by Gulick:

I. Gulick identified four bases: Purpose (function), Process (skills), Persons (clientele), and Place (area), calling it the 4P-Formula.

II. According to Gulick, administration consists of seven elements (functions), coined as POSDCORB: Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating.

III. The acronym includes Reporting and Budgeting, with each letter standing for one function (element) of administration.

Consider the following statements regarding Division of Work by Gulick:

I. The most important principle is Division of Work (specialisation); work division is the foundation of organization and reason for organization.

II. Division of work and integration are the bootstraps by which mankind lifts itself in the process of civilization.

III. Gulick viewed integration as unnecessary, emphasizing only division without any coordinating mechanisms.

Consider the following statements regarding the Central Theme of Classical Theory:

I. The central theme was summarized by Gulick and Urwick as principles arrived inductively from the study of human organization to govern human association.

II. These principles can be studied as a technical question, irrespective of the enterprise's purpose, personnel, or underlying constitutional, political, or social theory.

III. Classical theory emphasizes that administration is not a science, rejecting universal applicability of its principles across all organizations.

Consider the following statements regarding Division of Labour in Classical Theory:

I. Division of labour is the central tenet of classical theory, advocating the 'economic man' concept where people are motivated only by material rewards.

II. Classical thinkers believed that the efficiency and economy of the organization can be maximized when established with certain fundamental principles.

III. The theory posits that administration is the same everywhere, irrespective of the nature, type, or context of work, leading to universal validity of principles.

Consider the following statements regarding Classical Theory of Administration:

I. The classical theory was developed during the first half of the twentieth century, with major exponents including Henry Fayol, Luther Gulick, and Lyndall Urwick.

II. This theory reached its zenith in 1937 with the publication of "Papers on the Science of Administration" by Gulick and Urwick.

III. Classical theory is also known as the structural theory and management process school, focusing exclusively on shop-floor efficiency like Taylor's scientific management.

Consider the following statements regarding Principles of Reality:

I. This principle relates to the application/implementation of decisions in a practical manner which corresponds to the realities of the situation.

II. True planning takes into account all limitations as well as resources of the situation, turning shortages into challenges for improvisation.

III. It is always feasible to produce an ideal plan without considering resource availability, as long as the plan is theoretically sound.

Consider the following statements regarding Principles of Investigation:

I. It is important to base decisions on facts rather than opinions, involving the collection and classification (or analysis) of facts.

II. Prudence dictates that such investigation should be undertaken by individuals who are able to interpret facts in the light of expert knowledge.

III. The process of investigation solely focuses on the collection of facts, without any need for analysis or expert interpretation.

Consider the following statements regarding Principles of Administration:

I. Principles of administration are based on observations and verifications by scientists and professionals, serving as criteria in the administrative and management process.

II. The word "principle" signifies something fundamental, including principles, laws, or facts according to which an organization or administration operates.

III. Principles act as prime movers, providing dignity, acceptance, and respect to an organization, and they are universal across time and place.

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Classical Theory, as described by Gulick and Urwick?

The acronym POSDCORB, which delineates the seven functions of administration according to Gulick, was coined by:

Gulick’s famous organizational delineation formula, summarizing the four bases of departmental organisation, is known as the:

According to Gulick, the primary principle of organisation, forming the foundation for work division and integration, is:

Which of Fayol’s principles emphasizes that the line of authority should be clearly recognized from the top to the bottom of the organization?

Fayol specified how many principles of administration?

Which of Fayol’s administrative activities encompasses stock-taking, balance sheets, costs, and statistics?

The characteristic feature of classical theory that views human motivation solely through material rewards is rooted in the concept of the:

Which major exponent of Classical Theory focused broadly on the organisation structure and management process, unlike Taylor's shop-floor efficiency focus?

The classical theory is also known by which of the following names?

The classical theory of administration reached its zenith with the publication of papers by which two key thinkers in 1937?

Who among the following is considered the "father of classical theory" of administration?

The systematic arrangement of materials, equipment, and supply according to job requirements falls under which principle?

Which principle focuses on the practical manner in which decisions correspond to the existing situation?

The 'Principles of Investigation' emphasize that decisions should be based on:

According to the foundational statements on Principles of Administration, what role do principles serve in the management process?

Which of the following is NOT considered a fundamental characteristic of administrative principles?

Regarding David Easton's premises for Behaviouralism, the concept of 'Value Neutrality' aligns most closely with:

Assertion and Reason (A/R)

Assertion (A): Fayol suggested that administrative ability predominates at the lower management levels, unlike technical ability.

Reason (R): Fayol believed that administrative ability, which cannot be developed through technical knowledge alone, should be prioritized for effective operational control.

Which is correct?

Which of the following statements best summarizes Urwick's view on the principles of administration?

Assertion and Reason (A/R)
Assertion (A): Herbert Simon argued that administrative principles are often contradictory, existing in plausible pairs.
Reason (R): This contradiction implies that administrative theories are inherently flawed because they lack universal, empirically verifiable laws.

Which is correct?

Assertion and Reason (A/R)

Assertion (A): The Classical Theorists believed that administrative principles possess universal validity, applicable across all organizational types.

Reason (R): This belief stemmed from their fundamental rejection of the systems approach, treating organizations as closed systems whose effectiveness relies only on internal structure.

Which is correct?

Match the Behavioral Theorist with the Concept they are most : List I (Theorist) List II (Concept)

Herbert Simon	Fusion Process Theory (with Argyris
Douglas McGregor	Theory X and Theory Y
Chris Argyris	Administrative Behaviour (Cognitive
E.W. Bakke	Immaturity-Maturity Theory

Match the Exponent with their Primary Contribution/Concept: List I (Exponent) List II (Concept/Contribution)

Henry Fayol	POSDCORB
Luther Gulick	Fusion Process Theory
David Easton	14 Principles of Administration
Chris Argyris	Basic Premises of Behaviouralism

Which concept, championed by Mooney and Reiley, emphasizes that staff management provides advice rather than direct authority?

What is the primary focus of the Behavioural Approach in understanding organizational dynamics?

In the Managerial Implications table, which management function is listed as 'Problem-solving' under Theory Y?

On the Principles of Order and Reality:

I. The Principle of Order requires a systematic arrangement of materials and personnel according to job requirements.

II. The Principle of Reality asserts that ideal plans must always be implemented, even if resources are severely lacking.

III. The process of investigation, foundational to sound decisions, involves collecting and classifying facts.

Which of the following statements is correct?

The Behavioral Approach is characterized as interdisciplinary because:

I. It draws concepts exclusively from Sociology and Anthropology.

II. It strives for universal applicability, contrasting with the classical provincial approach.

III. It emphasizes the informal communication patterns prevalent in organizations.

Which of the following is correct?

David Easton’s premise of Verification is aligned with:

I. Adopting appropriate methods for data collection and interpretation (Techniques).

II. Accepting knowledge only if it is derived through systematic, logical reasoning, ignoring empirical testing.

III. Viewing measurement and manipulation of data as secondary to conceptual generalization.

Which of the following is correct?

Mooney and Reiley’s principles include:

I. Scalar Process, which describes the universal process of coordination through hierarchy.

II. Functional Differentiation, which emphasizes the division of labor based on place (area).

III. Line and Staff, recognizing staff’s role in providing specialized advice and information.

Which of the following is correct?

Consider the statements regarding the Comparing Managerial Implications under Theory X and Theory Y:

I. Goal setting under Theory X involves significant subordinate participation.

II. Leadership style under Theory Y is typically democratic/participative.

III. Control mechanisms under Theory X are internal and based on self-control.

Which of the following is correct?

Argyris's strategies for integrating individual and organizational goals include:
I. Recommending the Matrix Organization structure to replace rigid superior-subordinate relationships.
II. Utilizing T-Group Training to enhance the leader’s technical skills rather than interpersonal competence.
III. Advocating Job Enlargement to foster responsibility and utilize intellectual abilities.

Which of the following is correct?

The Fusion Process Theory, developed by Argyris and Bakke, suggests:

I. The organization seeks self-actualisation, while the individual seeks socialisation.

II. It describes the simultaneous operation of the personalising and socialising processes.

III. The individual uses the organization primarily to enforce external control and punishment.

Which of the following is correct?

Consider the statements Regarding Chris Argyris's Immaturity-Maturity Theory:

I. Progression from dependence to independence is a key indicator of maturity development.

II. A mature individual typically exhibits short-term perspectives in their professional interests.

III. A basic incongruence exists between mature personality needs and the requirements of a classical organization structure.

Which of the following is correct?

Herbert Simon’s classification of contemporary research in administrative behaviour includes:

I. Research focusing on the Weberian stream of bureaucracy.

II. Research focused on human relations, aimed at improving cognitive processing.

III. Research utilizing the Barnard-Simon model to explain organizational survival based on motivational equilibrium.

Which of the following is correct?

Smithburg characterized the Behavioural Approach by stating:

I. It treats the organization strictly as a formal structure, disregarding informal relations.

II. It places increased attention on the individual's personality aspects rather than just their functional role.

III. It is primarily descriptive and analytical rather than prescriptive.

Which of the following is correct?

David Easton’s premises for Behaviouralism emphasize:

I. Verification, requiring knowledge acceptance only if it can be empirically tested.

II. Systematisation, viewing research and theory-building as mutually exclusive endeavors.

III. Values, demanding that empirical explanation must inherently carry ethical judgments.

Which of the following is correct?

The Classical Theory was criticized for being 'atomistic' because:

I. It views human beings as isolated units, divorced from social context within the organization.

II. It assumes workers are motivated solely by material rewards, ignoring group influences.

III. It equates administrative principles with scientifically proven laws, leading to rigidity.

Which of the following is correct?